英汉语言对比Chapter-6-被动与主动.pptVIP

Passive VS. Active Passive English: 一、施事的原因不需要或不可能指明时： The murderer was caught yesterday, and it is said that he will be hanged. She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress. At the tea party only tea and cake were served. 二、句法要求： Some kinds of plastics can be forced through machines which separate them into long, thin strings, called “fibers”, and these fibers can be made into cloth. I was astonished that he was prepared to give me a job. 三、修辞的需要： There are many ways to vary the basic English sentence pattern of subject-verb-object. The basic English sentence pattern of subject-verb-object can be varied in many ways. 四、文体的需要： Therefore, when we are received with so much honor and so much kindness in this great country I believe that the People’s Republic of China is doing a very significant thing. 英语结构被动句（syntactic passive）比意义被动句（notional passive）多. Sentence/vocabulary: examinee, referee, desirable, eatable…. These products sell like hot cakes. The clock winds up at the back. She dresses beautifully. The room filled rapidly. This kind of cloth washes very well. The book is printing. Active Chinese 英语常用结构被动式，汉语常用意义被动式： 一、汉语被动式的使用受到限制： It was well done. 这件事做得好（这件事被做得好） It was poorly done. 这件事做得不好/这件事给弄糟了。 1、inflictive voice 不幸语态： 庄稼让大水冲跑了。 The crops were washed away by the flood. 这股敌人全给游击队消灭了。 The whole horde of enemy soldiers was wiped out by the guerrillas. 2、汉语被动句多用于动句中，表动作： The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。（不用被动） The glass was broken by my brother. 玻璃杯被我弟弟打破了。（被动） The house is surrounded by trees. 房子周围都是树。 The enemy was soon surrounded by our troops. 敌人很快就被我军包围了。 More examples: He is respected by everybody. 人人都尊敬他。 John actually loved Mary and was loved in return. My holiday afternoons were spent in rambles about the surrounding country. Language is shaped by, and shapes, human thought. The Chinese Table Tennis Team also visited a Manhat