动名词与不定词的名词角色.doc

動名詞與不定詞的名詞角色Gerunds and Infinitives: Their Noun Roles 動名詞和不定詞皆可當做名詞使用；這意思是說它們具備名詞的所有功能，名詞能做的事，它們也樣樣都會。雖然它們與其他名詞一樣係用來指定事物，但它們通常是指定事件和活動，而非人或物。現在就讓我們來看看動名詞與不定詞的五種名詞用法和一種非名詞用法 -- 形容詞補語。 主詞： Playing basketball takes up too much of her time. To play basketball for UConn is her favorite fantasy. 　 不定詞可能出現在句子的開頭當主詞 (如 Ib)，但更常見的情況是，不定詞做為主詞補語： Her favorite fantasy is to play basketball for UConn.動名詞亦可扮演相同的角色： Her favorite fantasy is playing basketball for UConn. 　 這兩種動詞型態亦可扮演名詞補語和同位語的角色： Her desire to play basketball for UConn became an obsession. I could never understand her desire to play basketball for UConn. Her one burning desire in life, playing basketball for UConn, ? seemed a goal within reach. 不定詞通常是用來協助定義一抽象名詞的補語。在此我們以表格方式列出部分抽象名詞，但這已足以顯示它們的特性。你們可以試著在這些名詞後面接不定詞片語來看看不定詞片語如何修飾和強調名詞：their desire to play? in the championship game, a motivation to pass all their courses. adviceappealcommanddecisiondesirefactinstructionmotivation opportunityorderpermissionplanpossibilitypreparationproposalrecommendation refusalreminderrequestrequirementsuggestiontendencywish 不定詞片語經常跟在某些形容詞的後面。在這種情況中，不定詞係扮演形容詞補語的角色 (這並非名詞功能，但為了方便討論，我們只好將它放在這裡討論)。 She was hesitant to tell the coach of her plan. She was reluctant to tell her parents, also. But she would not have been content to play high school ball forever. 底下為通常應用於這種結構的形容詞列表。 aheadamazedanxiousaptashamedboundcarefulcertaincontentdelighted determineddisappointedeagereligiblefortunategladhappyhesitantliablelikely luckypleasedproudreadyreluctantsadshockedsorrysurprisedupset 雖然不定詞不會出現在下面的情況中，但我們經常可以見到動名詞扮演介系詞之受詞的角色： She wrote a newspaper article about dealing with college recruiters. She thanked her coach for helping her to deal with the pressure. 　 最後，不定詞和動名詞都可以做為直接受詞：我們將在下面做進一步的討論。 以其他動詞型態做為受詞的動詞被稱為連鎖動詞 (catenatives)。連鎖動詞的後面可能接一長串的其他動詞型態，構成連鎖結構，如 We agreed to try to decide to? stop eating between meals. 連鎖動詞亦具有敘述心智過程和決定的特性。 雖然某個動詞的後面應該接動名詞還是不定詞，對英語為母語的人士而言幾乎不是問題，但對英語為第二語言的學生來說