风对十四种树苗叶片机械损伤之作用.docVIP

風對十四種樹苗葉片機械損傷之作用 Effects of Wind on Mechanical Damage of Leaves of Fourteen Tree Seedlings 研究生：吳惠綸 Hui, Lun-Wu 指導教授：郭耀綸 Kuo, Yan-Lun 【摘要】 在生態系中，風是重要的物理因子之一，對林木的形態、生長及分布具有影響。本實驗藉由風速3 m s-1的處理，觀察不同樹種葉片損傷特徵，比較14樹種葉片對風吹造成的機械損傷的耐性。結果顯示較不耐風吹之樹種在風逆境下，葉片會出現淺褐色或深褐色損傷、變形、撕裂及破碎的情形。茄冬、蟲屎、黃心柿、大葉楠、鵝掌柴及樹杞葉片的損傷情形隨著風逆境持續時間而增加。茄冬及蟲屎吹風後葉片機械損傷百分率分別為54%和45%。另一方面，蘭嶼羅漢松葉片沒有出現任何機械損傷情形。內苳子、蘭嶼羅漢松、大頭茶、華河瓊楠及青楊梅緊密的葉片結構，使它們較能抵抗風吹的機械損傷。本研究也比較14樹種的葉片耐脫水能力。結果發現各樹種的比葉重(LMA)與葉片耐脫水能力有顯著相關。蘭嶼羅漢松、內苳子及竹柏的比葉重介於12.0~22.4 mg cm-2，葉部水勢在-4 MPa時的葉片損傷指數為21~34%。相較之下，茄冬及蟲屎的比葉重分別為4.1與6.1 mg cm-2，葉部水勢在-4 MPa時損傷指數為77~79%。此結果表示，葉片比葉重較高之樹種有較高的葉片耐脫水能力。此外，葉片耐機械損傷的能力與葉片結構、比葉重、單葉面積、葉片耐脫水能力及葉片形態指數(比葉重/葉面積)有顯著相關。比葉重及葉片形態指數較高之樹種較能忍受因強風所引起的機械性損傷。 關鍵字：比葉重、葉面積、葉片機械損傷百分率、葉片形態指數 【Abstract】 Wind is one of important physical factor in a forest ecosystem. It can affect morphology, growth and distribution of trees. In this study, tolerances to mechanical damages in leaves of 14 tree species were compared by monitoring leaf damage characteristics under wind speed of 3 m s-1. Results showed that light or brown lesions, deformities, tearing and shredding occurred when leaves of some wind-intolerant species were exposed to wind stress. Leaves of Bischofia javanica, Melanolepis multiglandulosa, Diospyros maritime, Machilus japonica, Schefflera octophylla and Ardisia sieboldii became lesions as the duration of wind stress increased. Percentages of mechanical damage in leaves of both B. javanica and M. multiglandulos were 54% and 45%, respectively. On the other hand, P. costalis, G. axillaries, Beilschmiedia tsangii and Myrica adenophora had compacted leaf structure, which might increase their ability to resist the mechanical damages by wind stress. The dehydration tolerances of the 14 species were also compared in this study. Results showed that there was a significant relationship between leaf mass per area (LMA) and dehydration tolerances of these species. The LMA values of P. costalis, L. akoensis and N. nagi were between 12.0-22