课件：人感染HN流感预防与控制.ppt

* This graph illustrates findings of a case report of a volunteer inoculated by nose drops with 300 TCID50 of influenza A H3N2. The onset of illness usually begins 18 to 72 hours after incubation, depending on the concentration of transmitted virus.17 Severity of illness correlates temporally with virus shedding in experimental inoculation of influenza in volunteers. Slide 26 Lecture Notes * While the flu generally presents with the symptoms noted previously, many factors make both the symptoms and the general course of influenza quite variable in a given individual. Host factors, such as very young or very old age, compromised immunologic status and the presence of underlying cardiovascular or bronchopulmonary disease, may result in a more severe course of disease, as well as in the development of complications.5 In addition, viral strains and subtypes may differ both in their virulence and in the manner in which they manifest clinically.5 Refer to the first slide lecture program, Influenza: Virus and Disease, for additional information on viral strains and subtypes. Slide 9 Lecture Notes * This figure illustrates the frequency of symptoms found in 5 different studies of adults with virologically confirmed influenza A infection.5 The most prominent findings are cough, malaise and fever. Vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal pain are relatively uncommon findings in adults and generally indicate some other type of infection. Type B viruses usually produce less severe clinical illness than that associated with type A infections. However, type B viruses have been associated with epidemic infections that cause widespread hospitalization and death.6 Slide 4 Lecture Notes * As shown here, the most common signs and symptoms in children less than 5 years of age are fever and rhinitis.5 In very young infants, rhinitis may in fact be the only respiratory symptom.5 In contrast to adults and older children, patients in this age group are more likely to experience nausea, v