高考英语语法复习分词.ppt

练习题 过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when, if, while, though, as if 等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为 “主语 + be 的多种形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同 注意 If / When heated, water changes into steam. Even if invited, I won’t go. We will not attack unless attacked. The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 宾补 1.要求分词或分词短语作补足语的多是一些“感觉”和“使役”动词。包括：feel, see, hear, notice, watch, smell, let, get, have, make, want, find, keep, imagine, 等。 2.现在分词作宾补说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，形成逻辑上的动宾关系。 ① 现在分词做宾语补足语，如： I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. He tried to start the engine running. The words immediately set us all laughing. 注意：现在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。 ② 过去分词做宾语补足语 He watched the TV set carried out of the room. Last year they had the house rebuilt. When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. You’d better have your shoes mended. 注意：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成结果，并有被动意义。 ③ 现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作；过去分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着动宾关系，宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者， He saw an old man getting on the bus. (…was getting on …) I once heard this song sung in Japanese. (…was once sung …) I don’t want the children taken out in such weather. (…were taken out…) ④ 以上句子可以变为被动结构，这时，宾语补足语就成了主语补足语，与谓语一起称为“复合谓语”，如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time. She was never heard singing that song again. One of the glasses was found broken. ⑤ 有些动词既可以用不定式作宾语补足语，又可以用现在分词作宾语补足语，有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，这些动词是：catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, excuse, spy, send 等， She caught her son smoking a cigarette. I don’t mind you joking. I like it. The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time. I don’t remember him ever saying anything like that. 6. have/get 后面要求宾补的两种情况 1. have sb. doing sth.让人（老是）做某事 She had us working day after day. I don’t have you speaking so rudely to me. 2. Have sth.(sb.) done 使某事发生（被做），请或让别人做 You’d better have/get your hair cut. They should have him exa