丁香属植物叶表皮系统进化与临环境适应及杂交胚败育机制研究-作物遗传育种专业毕业论文.pdf.docxVIP

摘要通过对7种丁香叶片表皮形态比较，分析了系水平上的环境适应机制差异及其与系统学 摘要 通过对7种丁香叶片表皮形态比较，分析了系水平上的环境适应机制差异及其与系统学 的关联。结果表明：暴马丁香(长花冠管组)和紫丁香(欧丁香系)的叶片形态比其他5种 有更强的适应性。与遮荫环境相比较，羽叶丁香在光环境下的表皮细胞体积变小，气孔密度 增加，气孔开张度减小：气孔开张度的变化只发生在保卫细胞的纬向宽度上，长轴相对稳定。 从气孔器类型、蜡质纹饰、表皮细胞形态及垂周壁特征看，暴马丁香和华北紫丁香带有较为 进化的特征，羽叶丁香系、巧玲花系和红丁香系可能具有较近的亲缘关系。这一结果为我们 正在进行的驯化适应研究提供有力的形态学解释。 通过对败育组合‘关东丁香(S．velutina)×四季丁香(S．microphylla)’及其对照可育组合 ‘蓝丁香(S．meyeri)×四季丁香(S．microphylla)’的胚形态解剖学观察及子房内源激素的测 定，分析败育原因及与内源激素间的联系。结果表明：败育原因为由胚乳败育导致的胚中途 败育。综合激素测定结果，认为在子房发育的关键时期(原胚形成期)，细胞分裂素(Zr、iPA) 的缺乏及阶段性相对高水平的脱落酸(ABA)含量可能导致败育，同时认为胚胎的正常发育 可能需要各种激素的相互作用及动态平衡。这一结果为今后的育种工作提供了一些理论依据。 关键词：丁香，适应，演化，胚败育，激素 AbstractLeaf Abstract Leaf epidermis traits of wild germplasms subjected to five series of Syringa were observed，meanwhile，the differences in their adaptative responses were compared and the linking systematics was discussed at the epidermis structure level．The results showed that＆amurensis and ＆oblata presented more structural adaptation traits compared with the other five species and it is helpful to understand the fact of two wild·spread and narrowly regional distributions for the other species respectively．The comparison responsive difference special for s．pinnatifolia between heterogeneous light habitats showed that the individuals grown in full have larger stomata density,smaller stomata opening and smaller epidermal cell size than those in the shade．The stomata long was relatively unchangeable wherever they were planted and stomata opening extent only attributed to the variety in latitudinal width of guard cell．Some systematic evidences were also supplemented depending the integrative analysis of stomata apparatus，wax ornamentation， morphology of epidermal cell and anticlinal wall．It implied that s．amurensis and s．oblata evolved species and Ser．Pinnatifoliae，Ser．Pubescentes and Ser．Villments have more closely systematic relationship．The leaf morphological comparisons in the long-term of adaptation based the systematic evolution research will provide integ