第十二章_非谓语动词.pptVIP

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  • 2019-09-06 发布于广东
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3) 表达意义相同,主、被动都可以用的不定式: There is a lot of work to do/to be done 有许多工作要做。 There are some designs to revise/to be revised. 有许多设计要修改。 to do和to revise可以理解为for me/us to do;for me / us to revise。 4 ) something,anything和nothing之后的不定式可用主动,也可以用被动,但意义不同: There is nothing to do. 没事可做。(意为生活单调。) There is nothing to be done. 没法用了。(意为得买新的了。) 5)有些被动不定式如:to be seen,to be found和to be congratulated常见于be动词之后。 The money was nowhere to be found. 这笔钱哪儿也找不到。 He was nowhere to be seen. 他人不见踪影。 The newly-married couple are to be congratulated. 向新婚夫妇道喜。 但blame习惯上不用被动不定式。 “I’m to blame for the accident,”said the taxi driver. 这位出租车司机说:“这次事故是我的过错。” 6) 不定式的逻辑主语由of和for引出。但两者在用法上有区别: 用形式主语it,不定式作实际主语的句型中,若表语形容词与不定式逻辑主语关系密切,说明其特征或属性的,用of; 反之仅表示一种连接关系,则用for。如: It was very clever of her to think of that. 她想到那个,真是聪明。 It‘s easy for the young to fall into bad habits but very difficult to break away from them. 年轻人很容易形成坏习惯,而且很难改掉。 二、动名词 1、动名词的形式:动词原形加 -ing。以动词write为例,动名词的主要形式如下: 一般式 完成式 主动 writing having written 被动 being written having been written 否定 not/ no writing not/ no having written 复合 one’s writing one’s having written 2、动名词的基本用法 1)作主语(动名词常被看作是单数不可数名词,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数) Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 lt is nice talking to you. 和你谈话很愉快。( it作形式主语,动名词短语作真正主语。) 2) 作宾语:动名词在动词或介词后面作宾语 Would you mind opening the window? 请把窗户打开好吗? I have got used to living here. 我已经习惯住这儿了。(动名词作介词宾语。) He couldn’t stand being treated like that. 他无法忍受那样待他。 I apologize for not having come earlier. 我没有早点来,向你道歉。 She hates his staying out late. 她不喜欢他深夜不归。 3)作表语(多与系动词be 连用。如果句中的主、表语同为动词时,要注意两个动词在形式上的一致。) The problem now is getting to know the needs of the students. 现在的问题是去了解学生的需要。 Reading is learning. 读书就是学习。(reading作主语learning作表语) 注意:不定式作表语强调具体的、一次性的、有待实现的动作; 动名词作表语泛指动作或不强调动作,只着眼于动作的名称。 My duty was to take care of t

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