化学专业英语第六课仪器分析英文课件.pptVIP

* * 根据分析任务、分析对象、测量原理、操作方法及具体的要求的不同，分析化学可以进行不同的分类。 Volumetric ANALYSIS Introduction Analytical Chemistry: determining the chemical composition of samples of matter. Qualitative analysis: identify of functional groups, or atomic, molecular structure of analyte ( what?) Quantitative analysis: amount of analyte ( how much?) * 定性分析 Qualitative analysis 物质的组成 定量分析 Quantitative analysis 成分的含量 结构分析 Structure analysis 物质的结构 DNA测序（DNA Sequencing) 形态分析 Species analysis 物质的形态 能态分析 Energy-state analysis 物质的能态 分析方法的分类 Classical methods (Chemical analysis) Qualitative analysis: Analytes Products recognized yield treated with reagents Colors Boiling (melting) points Solubilities Odors Optical activities Refractive indexes Quantitative analysis: gravimetric; titrimetric Instrumental methods (Instrumental analysis) Early in 20th century Measurements of physical (chemical) properties of analytes: -conductivity; electrode potential; light absorption (emission); mass-to-charge ratio; fluorescence Highly efficient chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques replaced Distillation, extraction, precipitation a. Development of instruments and computer b. Development of separation methods c. Classification of instrumental analysis Optical Analysis (spectrometry); Electrochemical Analysis; Chromatography…………… General principles of volumetric analysis Chemical analyses can be made by determining how much of a solution of known concentration is needed to react fully with an unknown test sample. 通过测定需要多少已知浓度的溶液与未知样品彻底反应来做化学定量分析。 The method is generally referred to as volumetric analysis and consists of titrating the unknown solution with one of known concentration (a standard solution). General principles of volumetric analysis 这个方法一般称为容量分析，由已知浓度（标准溶液）的溶液滴定未知浓度的溶液。 By titration, you can determine exactly how much of a reagent is required to bring about complete reaction of the test solution. General principles of