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标准文档 实用文案 新东方优美背诵短文50篇 Unit50:CellsandTemperature 50. Cells and Temperature 　 ? Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning. Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37C;a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning. Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature. For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperature. Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded” and “cold-blooded” species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded. As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate. A fence lizard or a desert iguana—each cold-bloodedusually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold. Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called home0therms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environments, called poikilotherms. But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation. Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant. 细胞与温度细胞只能在一定的温度范围内存活，而进一步保证它们有效工作的温度范围就更小了。 哺乳动物和鸟类的酶系统只能在37℃左右的很小范围内才能有效工作。与此相差仅几度的温度都会大大削弱它们的工作效率。 尽管温度变化更大时细胞仍能存活，但机体系统的整体运行能力却被削弱了。其它动物对体温的变化有更强的适应性。几个世纪以来，人们就 认识到哺乳动物和鸟类调节体温的方式与其它动物不同。随着时间的推移，人们对这种差 异的描述越来越精