劳动力与失业.pptVIP

第三讲 劳动力与失业Labor Force and Unemployment * 一、劳动力Labor Force (Manpower，Workforce) 1.劳动力的概念Labor Force of Definition 存在于活的人体之中 Existing in living human body； 人生产某种使用价值或提供某种劳务时所运用的能力Power or competence to be used to produce application value or provide some service； 是体力与脑力的总和Sum of physical and intelligent power。 * 一、劳动力Labor Force (Manpower, Workforce) 2.劳动力的再生产 Reproduction 体力与脑力的恢复Recovering of physical and intelligent power ； 补充与增加Supplement and addition 体质的增强与劳动技能的提高Strengthening body and improving work skill * Labor force The labor force is all the nonmilitary people who are officially employed or unemployed. In 2005, the worldwide labor force was over 3 billion people. 所有非军人的就业与失业者 Normally, the labor force of a country (or other geographic entity) consists of everyone of working age (typically above a certain age (around 14 to 16) and below retirement (around 65) who are participating workers, that is people actively employed or seeking employment. 劳动适龄者 People not counted include students, retired people, stay-at-home parents, people in prisons or similar institutions, people employed in jobs or professions with unreported income, as well as discouraged workers who cannot find work. 不包括者 * Labor force In the United States, the labor force is defined as people 16 years old or older who are employed or looking for work. Child labor laws in the United States forbid employing people under 18 in hazardous jobs.在美国，劳动适龄者需16岁以上 In the United States, the unemployment rate is estimated by a household survey called the Current Population Survey, conducted monthly by the Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics. 美国的家庭调查 The unemployment rate is calculated by dividing the number of unemployed persons by the size of the workforce. 失业率 An unemployed person is defined as a person not employed but actively seeking work. 失业者 * Labor force participation rate The size of the workforce is defined as those employed plus those unemployed. 劳动力规模 Participation rate is t