实验设计与分析(第八版)01.pdfVIP

C H A P T E R 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 STRATEGY OF EXPERIMENTATION SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL FOR CHAPTER 1 1.2 SOME TYPICAL APPLICATIONS S1.1 More about Planning Experiments OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN S1.2 Blank Guide Sheets to Assist in Pre-Experimental 1.3 BASIC PRINCIPLES Planning S1.3 Montgomery’s Theorems on Designed Experiments 1.4 GUIDELINES FOR DESIGNING EXPERIMENTS 1.5 A BRIEF HISTORY OF STATISTICAL DESIGN 1.6 SUMMARY: USING STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES IN EXPERIMENTATION The supplemental material is on the textbook website /college/montgomery. 1.1 Strategy of Experimentation Observing a system or process while it is in operation is an important part of the learning process, and is an integral part of understanding and learning about how systems and processes work. The great New York Yankees catcher Yogi Berra said that “. . . you can observe a lot just by watching.” However, to understand what happens to a process when you change certain input factors, you have to do more than just watch—you actually have to change the factors. This means that to really understand cause-and-effect relationships in a system you must deliberately change the input variables to the system and observe the changes in the system output that these changes to the inputs produce. In other words, you need to conduct experiments on the system. Observations on a system or process can lead to theories or hypoth