课件：kwh很全面的跨文化交际欢迎下载.ppt

1. Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal codes refer to communicative messages which are not in word form. More than 55% messages are communicated nonverbally! Definition: (1) “Metacommunication (beyond the usual commmunication), paralinguistics, second-order messages, the silent language, and the hidden dimension of communication.” (Hall, 1959) THANK YOU SUCCESS * * 可编辑 Definition: (2) Nonverbal communication involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver. (Samovar and Porter, 2004) 1.1 Body Language Body language refers to all nonverbal codes which are associated with body movements. Body language includes gestures, head movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors, postures and other displays that can be used to communicate. (1) General Appearance and Dress Concern with how one appears is universal. We make inferences (often faulty) about another’s “intelligence, gender, age, approachability, financial well-being, class, tastes, values, and cultural background” from attractiveness, dress, and personal artifacts. Do you select attractive friends over less attractive ones? 1.2 Paralanguage (伴随语言) It refers to voice characteristics and vocal qualities. Paralinguistics is the study of such non-semantic aspects of speech as tone, volume, pitch and tempo, pause and the like which are together with verbal information. Our voice may be one of the most informative elements in building up our images. (1) Pitch Pitch decides hesitation or emphasis. When one is excited, his/her voice would be high in pitch, quick in rate, and there will be no pauses between sentences; When one is sad or depressed, his/her voice traits would surely be the opposite. (2) Volume Control The English always speak in lower voice than Chinese when they make speech or a lecture, or talking with each other, or phoni