延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换资料.docVIP

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 一. 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有: ⑴ for+一段时间, 如 ：for 2 years; ⑵ since从句, 如 since he came here; since+过去时间点名词, 如 since last year, since 5 days ago. 例: He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. 二. 非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词, 表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如: open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。 非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock; 例: He died 5 years ago. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换： 例： He left five minutes ago. = He has been away for five minutes. 这句话的意思是指他离开的动作是5分钟之前发生的，是过去时。也就是说从他离开到现在已经有五分钟了，这个动作是延续的，要用现在完成时，并且要把原来的短暂性动词 改为延续性动词。 下面是一些短暂性动词及相应的延续性动词，须牢记。 leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out， put on→ wear； catch a cold →have a cold等。 练习: 1. The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man___________________for 4 years. 2. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He __________________the Party for 2 years. 3. I bought the book 5 days ago. --- I _________________the book for 5 days. 现在完成时（一） 现在完成时是初三教材中的一个重点语法项目，下面我们就来学习它的构成。 1．现在完成时的基本句式是“have（has）＋过去分词”。如： ① I have seen that film．我已经看过那部影片了。 ② We have just finished our homework．我们刚刚做完家庭作业。 ③ She has gone home．她回家去了。 注意：1）该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2）该句式中have（has）和过去分词之间可用just插入。3）把该句式译成汉语时，往往用“已经”、“刚刚”、“过”或“了”等。 2．现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之