LEAD RUBBBER MODEL DEGRADATION 2010英文学习资料 .pdfVIP

EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AND STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS Earthquake Engng Struct. Dyn. 2010; 39:1533–1549 Published online 8 September 2010 in Wiley Online Library (). DOI: 10.1002/eqe.1039 Modeling strength degradation in lead–rubber bearings under earthquake shaking Ioannis V. Kalpakidis∗, †, Michael C. Constantinou and Andrew S. Whittaker Department of Civil , Structural and Environmental Engineering, 212 Ketter Hall, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo , NY 14260 , U.S.A. SUMMARY Lead–rubber bearings are seismic isolators that have been used extensively to protect buildings, bridges and mission-critical infrastructure from the damaging effects of earthquake shaking. Under large-displacement cyclic motion, the strength of a lead–rubber bearing reduces due to energy dissipation and the resultant heating of the lead core. This paper proposes a method to incorporate strength degradation due to lead core heating in modeling the hysteretic behavior of lead–rubber bearings. The validity of the proposed model is investigated through comparing numerical and experimental results. The model is used to examine the effects of lead core heating on the dynamic response of an isolated structure. Copyright q 2010 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Received 30 December 2009; Revised 16 April 2010; Accepted 7 June 2010 KEY WORDS: lead–rubber bearing; energy dissipation; lead core heating; hysteretic modeling; bounding analysis; seismic isolation 1. INTRODUCTION Numerous mathematical models of behavior of elastomeric bearings have been proposed. These models may be classified into two broad categories: (1) Finite element formulations using models of material behavior f