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- 约7.45千字
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- 2019-07-16 发布于四川
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半数有效量(median effect dose, ED50) 引起50%的实验动物出现阳性反应的药物剂量。 ED50 is the dose of a drug at which 50% of the population occur positive reaction. The lower the ED50, the more potent the drug. 反应数% 死亡数% 对数剂量 对数剂量 半数有效量(median effective dose , ED50 ) 半数致死量(median lethal dose , LD50 ) 半数致死量(median lethal dose, LD50) 引起50%实验动物死亡的药物剂量 LD50 is the dose of a drug to cause 50% of the experimental animals to die. The lower the LD50, the more toxic the drug. LD50 is the index to measure the toxicity of drug, but it is not a exactly one, the therapeutic index should be considered. 治疗指数(therapeutic index, TI) Therapeutic index is the ratio of LD50 to ED50. TI = LD50 ED50 ﹥ 3 药物的半数致死量与半数有效量的比值。 ED50 LD50 对数剂量 效应 A药ED曲线 A药LD曲线 B药ED曲线 B药LD曲线 A药与B药的TI相等。 但是否同样安全呢? 可靠安全系数(certain safety factor,CSF) CSF = LD 1 / ED 99 1 安全范围: ED 95 ~ LD 5 之间的距离 结论:TI 评价药物安全性不完全可靠 对数剂量 效应 A药ED曲线 A药LD曲线 图 3-4 药物效应和毒性的量效曲线 (三) 量效曲线的意义 (significance of dose-effect curve) 1、评价药效: 半数有效量(ED50) 效能(efficacy) 效价强度(potency) 2、评价药物的安全性 半数致死量(LD50) 治疗指数(therapeutic index, TI) 可靠安全系数(certain safety factor,CSF) §3 药物与受体(drug & receptor) 一 受体(receptor) 1、定义(definition) 受体是一类介导细胞信号转导的功能蛋白质,能与特异性配体结合,并产生效应。 A receptor is a specific protein molecule that is usually located in the cell membrane. Endogenous or exogenous ligands bind to the receptors , thereby causing activation or inactivation of the cell and a subsequent cellular response. 配体(ligands) 内源性配体(endogenous ligands) 神经递质(neurotransmitters ) 激素(hormones) 自体活性物质( autocoid) 外源性配体(exogenous ligands): drug Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released from nerve terminals, diffuse across the synaptic cleft, and bind to pre-or postsynaptic receptors. Hormones are chemicals that, after released into the bloodstream from specialized cells, can act at neighbouring or distant cells. In many cases there is more than one receptor for each mes
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