材料热力学与动力学相图的重要应用.ppt

* * * Cu39.7Zr47.1Al13.2 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Electron micrograph of Al–4% Cu aged 16 hours at 130 °C, showing GP [1] zones (after Nicholson, Thomas and Nutting, 1958–9) * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * P. Duwez, 1962 (Ge): cF 8, A4 (Ag): cF 4, A1 hcp Au-Si Metallic Glass 五、相图隐含了大量的相物质的内在规律 T0 curves Regions of thermodynamically allowed solid compositions that may be formed from liquid of composition at various temperatures. The To curve gives the highest temperature at which partitionless solidification can occur. In (b) the To temperature plunges and partitionless solidificationis impossible for liquid of composition CL*. Tg(T0) S.R. Nagel f3mm BMG-forming zone in Zr-Al-Cu Eutectic eutectics Cu5Zr8 Cu5Zr6 Cu6Zr5 Cu8Zr5 Cu9Zr4 Cu58.1Zr35.9Al6 f4mm*15mm cluster e/a = 1.48 Cu8Zr5-Al0.8 FeAl, B2, cP 8 Stoichiometric Nb5Si3, D8l, tI32 Fig: Surface structures of FeAl annealed ribbons; (a) AFM image and (b) SEM micrographs showing (110) plane and (c) (111) plane. Nanoporous materials 六、相图不是呆板的理论图表 －充满了活力 石田清仁 Fe-15Cr-0.5C, 1073K, O2, 1h 铸态 变形处理 LSW theory of particle coarsening (Lifshitz, Slyozov, Wagner, 1961) ！相图不包含动力学知识 ！相图不包含形态学知识 B. P. Bewlay KQ~20MPa?m ss=370MPa(1473K) DS: Nb-24.7Ti-16Si-8.2Hf-2.0Cr-1.9Al Ti 27.2~29.4　 18.2 25.5~27.9 Microstructures 1 2 3 Nb phase matrix/Silicide Silicide matrix/Nb phase Equiaxed structure 10mm Lamella structure 4 Network structure 5 一、相图是设计合金的重要依据 二、相图是制定工艺重要依据 三、相图是开发新技术的重要依据 四、相图是发现新知识的重要线索 五、相图隐含了大量的相物质的内在规律 六、相图不是呆板的理论图表-充满活力 Al: 固溶度:12.7 % Al12Mg17 (cI58, A12) 铸造Mg合金： Al: 7 %～8 % 变形Mg合金: Al: 3 %～5 % * * * * * * * 材料热力学与动力学相图的重要应用 相平衡、相图、相变 Phase Equilibrium Phase Diagram Phase Transformation Phase Equilibria Phase Diagram Phase Transformation 一、相图是设计合金的重要依据 镍基高温合金 Ni+Ni3Al Ni-Al 熔点 a b 钛的合金化 钛的合金化 α相稳定元素 中性元素 同晶型β相稳定元素 共析型β相稳定元素 Zr 细化晶粒(0.5~0.8%), 减小热裂倾向, 提高力学强度 耐蚀性能。 L + (aZr) -- (aMg) Mg 合金 Al Ce 高温Mg 合金 Recent Advances in the Development of Mo Silicide