肉鸡舍夜间空气质量监控课件.docVIP

肉鸡舍夜间空气质量监控 During cool weather, maintaining good air quality is vital to avoid bird health issues. It is a 24-hour-a-day, seven-day-a-week, job. One of the most important air quality variables that must be kept to a minimum is ammonia. High ammonia levels can paralyze and/or damage a bird ’s tracheal cilia, which are a vital tool a bird uses to fight off disease. The cilia are microscopic finger-like projections that cover a birds trachea. A thin layer of sticky mucus covers the cilia which can trap pathogens traveling on small particles in the air. The cilia move in a wave-like pattern pushing the pathogen-carrying mucus up to the birds ’ mouths where they then swallow it and the pathogens are killed off by digestive acids. But, if the cilia are paralyzed and/or damaged by high ammonia levels the pathogens can then travel through the stationary mucus layer down to the tracheal base cells where they start multiplying causing the birds to get sick (i.e. Bronchitis). Worse yet, the pathogens can kill off the cilia cells which makes it easy for a wide variety of other pathogens to be introduced into the bird, leading to secondary infections (i.e, E. coli). Though long periods of high ammonia are of greatest concern, it is important to realize that research has shown that acute spikes in ammonia are potentially more damaging than constant low levels of ammonia. This is why producers have to make sure that ammonia levels are kept to a minimum not only during the day, but at night as well. 在较冷的天气， 保持好的空气质量对避免鸡群出现健康问题是至关重要的。 这是 一个一周 7 天，每天 24 小时的工作。空气质量的各变量中需要保持在最低值的 其中一个最重要的就是氨气。高浓度的氨气含量可以损坏气管纤毛或者使其瘫 痪。而纤毛是鸡只用来对抗疾病的一个重要工具。 纤毛是在气管表面及其微小的 手指状的一些凸起的绒毛。 在纤毛的表面有一层粘液， 粘液可以使病原体等微小 颗粒排出到空气中。 纤毛以波浪状运动推着病原体并带着粘液到鸡的嘴里， 然后 吞咽下去到胃里用消化酶杀死病菌。 但是如果纤毛被氨气损坏， 病原体就可以顺 利地通过静止状态的粘液层一直到气管的底部， 然后在那里繁殖使鸡只致病， 例 如支气管炎。 更严重的是病原体可以杀死纤毛细胞， 这样其他病原体就可以很容 易地到达鸡体内， 然后引起继发感染， 如大肠杆菌。 虽然说长期的高浓度氨气是 非常危险的，但是研究表明氨气浓度的急剧上升比持续的低浓度氨气更具杀伤 力。这就是为什么要确保无论是在白天还是在夜晚都要保持最低的氨气浓度。 Cilia 呼吸道纤毛 1 / 7 Nighttime Air Quality 夜