《Getting Fresh Cows Off To A Good Start》奶牛新技术课件.pptxVIP

Getting Fresh Cows Off To A Good Start 郝福德 美国动物科学家(PAS) 奶牛专家 －美国中国区 嘉吉动物营养 Floyd Hoisington, PAS Dairy Specialist – USA China Cargill Animal Nutrition 过渡期疾病的影响 Transition Disease Effects 分娩前后，过渡期奶牛经历着快速的巨大的生理变化， Transition cows go through tremendous metabolic changes in the days immediately before and after calving, 出现产后代谢疾病的风险很高，带来的损失很大！ Puts them at high risk for a number of costly metabolic disorders. 这些损失包括： These costs include 兽医成本； veterinary treatment costs 增加劳动力； added labor, 抗生素处理导致的弃奶 ； discarding milk due to antibiotic treatment if needed, 整个泌乳期的产奶量降低； lost milk during lactation, 被动淘汰率提高； higher culling rates 个别情况下，导致奶牛死亡。 occasionally, death losses. Transition Disease Effects 过渡期疾病的影响 M.W. Ayers G. Millard 一旦出现过渡期疾病，影响将是整个泌乳期！ Transition Disease Effects过渡期疾病的影响 M.W. Ayers G. Millard 正常奶牛 过渡期出现问题的奶牛 产后代谢疾病的成本Cost of Metabolic Disease 低血钙/产褥热Hypocalcemia/Milk fever 经产奶牛，低血钙症，50% Multiparous,hypocalcemia,50% 产褥热，5% Milk fever,5% 低血钙对其他代谢紊乱的影响 Effects of Hypocalcemia on metabolism 低血钙/产褥热 hypocalcemia/milk fever 血钙浓度 mg/dl 蠕动能力 减少% 7.5 30 5 70 Goff, 2008 疾病Disease 提高倍数 Improve multiple P（相关性） P(Relativity) 左部真胃移位 Displaced Abomasum 3.4 0.06 酮病 Ketosis 8.9 0.0001 乳房炎Mastitis 8.1 0.0001 难产Dystocia 2.8 0.0001 胎衣不下Retained Placenta 6.5 0.0001 低血钙对其他代谢紊乱的影响Effects of Hypocalcemia on metabolism Jim Spain, 2000 低血钙带来的经济损失更大！Hypocalcemia brings more economic loss 与临床性低血钙症相比，由于亚临床性低血钙症的影响范围更广，所以给牛场带来的损失更大（Oetzel, 2011）。Compared with the clinical hypocalcemia, subclinical hypocalcaemia have a wider scope, so losses to farms are greater (Oetzel, 2011). 比如，一个2000头泌乳牛的牛场，每年发生临床性低血钙症的概率为2%每年经产牛亚临床性低血钙的发生概率为30%：For example, a 2000 lactating dairy cattle farm, clinical hypocalcemia probability is 2% per year , multiparous cows subclinical hypocalcemia occurred with 30% probability per year: 发生率 probability 损失（美元/例） Loss(dollars) 总损失（美元） Total loss(dollars) 产褥热 Milk fever 2% 181 2%×2000×$181＝$7240 低血钙 Hypocalcemia 30%