语用学名词解释.docVIP

语用学名词解释 Syntax句法学: syntax is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms,how they are arranged in sequence,and which sequences are well-formed. Semantics语义学:semantics is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and entities in the world;that is,how words literally connect to things. Discourse analysis话语分析：is a general term for a number of approaches to analyzing written, spoken, signed language use or any significant semiotic event. The objects of discourse analysis—discourse, writing, talk, conversation, communicative event, etc.—are variously defined in terms of coherent sequences of sentences, propositions, speech acts or turns-at-talk. Different Cultural Assumptions差异文化假设: It refer to the fact that even though people in situations such as we study agree on the overall purpose of the interaction, there are often radical differences as to what expectations and rights are involved at any one time. Cross-cultural pragmatic failure跨文化语用错误:It includes pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic failure. Face面子: means the public self-image of a person. it refers to that emotional and social sense of self that everyone has and expects everyone else to recognize. Politeness礼貌: means that someone shows awareness of another persons face. face wants面子需求: within social interactions, people generally behave as if there expectations concerning their public self-image Deixis指示: A technical term for one of the most basic things we do with utterances. It means “pointing” via language. It is a form of referring that is tied to the speaker’s context, with the most basic distinction being “near speaker” versus “away form speaker”. Honorifics尊称:They are the expressions which are used to indicate higher status. proximal terms近指: The terms mean “near the speaker”, which are interpreted in terms of the speaker’s location, or the deictic center. T/V distinction亲疏区别: A well-known social contrast encoded within person deixis is the distinction between forms used for a