三聚氰胺工程概论.pptVIP

毒奶粉事件--Melamine (三聚氰胺) 三聚氰胺 (Melamine) 三聚氰胺(melamine)常溫下為白色固體，熔點350度C，水中溶解度3.1g/L(溶解度低)。 常與甲酫一起聚合反應製造美耐皿樹酯(melamine resin為熱固型樹酯，如上圖廚房餐具用品 .tw)及富美加(Formica)廠牌廚具或是地板表面硬化膜、教室內白板。 美耐皿樹酯不耐高溫！不能微波！ 三聚氰胺 (Melamine) Toxicity 缺少人體數據，大部分為動物數據 Rat data: a single oral dose of 0.38mg(14C) melamine to adult male Fischer 344 rats within the first 24 hours, 90% of the administered dose were excreted in the urine Negligible radioactivity appeared in breath and faeces The only organs showing radioactivity levels much higher than plasma were the kidney and bladder The elimination-phase half-life calculated from plasma data, 2.7 hours, was in good agreement with the urinary-excretion half-life of 3 hours Animal studies have shown that melamine is not metabolized in rats, and is excreted unchanged. 三聚氰胺 (Melamine) Toxicity Ingestion of melamine may lead to reproductive damage, or bladder or kidney stones, which can lead to bladder cancer. A study in 1953 reported that dogs fed 3% melamine for a year had the following changes in their urine: (1) reduced specific gravity, (2) increased output, (3) melamine crystalluria, and (4) protein and occult blood. Melnick, R L et al.於Toxicology Applied Pharmacology. 72(2):292-303, 1984 中指出melamine會造成rodents的Urolithiasis and bladder carcinogenicity 2007 美國寵物食物召回事件中，從大陸Xuzhou Anying Biologic Technology進口的寵物食物中發現粒狀melamine添加物，同時從受到影響的動物尿液中及kidney中發現melamine crystal。 2007/04/30 New York Times報導說大陸添加melamine scrap到動物飼料是非常常見且公開的秘密，主要是要使得動物飼料在檢測數據上看起來protein content變的很高。 如果melamine與cyanuric acid (melamine的類似物僅將末端三個NH2官能基變為OH) 產生的鹽類時毒性非常高，曾經在2007年回收的被此鹽類污染的寵物食物中發現，這鹽類可以造成貓狗的acute renal failure. Outbreaks of renal failure associated with melamine and cyanuric acid in dogs and cats in 2004 and 2007 Sixteen animals (2 dogs in 2004; 10 cats and 4 dogs in 2007) were evaluated for histopathologic, toxicologic, and clinicopathologic changes All 16 animals had clinical and laboratory evidence of uremia, including anorexia, vomiting, lethargy, polyuria, azot