英语语言学——重音Stress.pptxVIP

;refers to relative emphasis or prominence（突出） given to a syllable（音节） in a word, or to a word in a phrase or sentence ?;1、word stress 2、sentence stress;The location of stress in English distinguishes meaning. For example, a shift of stress may change the part of speech of a word from a noun to a verb although its spelling remains unchanged. 如:contract , abstract , permit 这三个词的重音都放在第一个音节时，它们都是名词，含义为合同，摘要，许可证。如果将他们的重音移动到第二个音节上时，则变成动词，含义分别是定合同，提取，允许。 ;The noun and the verb: The noun has the stress on the first syllable (音节) . The verb has the stress on the second syllable. For example: import(n.) ---im’port (v.) ‘increase(n.)---in’crease(v.) ;A compound noun and a phrase 由两个或两个以上的单词构成，能表达一个新意思的词叫复合词。如：good-hearted(好心的), baby-sit(临时照料小孩)等。 1.复合名词的重音一般在第一个音节上。如：handbag 2.复合动词的重音一般在第二个音节上。如：ill-treat /ill‘tri:t/ 虐待 。 ;3.复合形容词的重音一般在第二个音节上。如：green-eyed /gri:naid/ 嫉妒的 ; 4.反身代词的重音通常在第一个音节上。如：myself /maiself/ 我自己 ;;The combinations of –ing forms and nouns 复合词的重音总是在第一个构成成分上,而次重音在第二个构成成分上。 这一点可以帮助我们用来区分两种-ing的形式,一种是作为名词前修饰语的-ing形式,另一种是作为复合词的前一部分。如running dog 重音在running上,表示“走狗”这一-ing形式+名词的复合词。如重音在dog上,则表示running用来修饰dog,意为“还在跑的狗”。 ;Sentence stress refers to the relative force given to the components of a sentence. ?It can help you to understand spoken English, even rapid spoken English.;Noun Main verb Adjective Adverbs Numerals（数词） Demonstrative pronouns（指示代词）;An elephant is an animal. Her shirt is blue and white. John?is?nine. My?second?brother?is?a?doctor. Mary?loves?her?dolls. speaks?English?slowly?and?carefully.;Articles（冠词） Person pronouns（人称代词） Auxiliary verbs （助动词） Prepositions（介词） Conjunctions（连词）;To give special emphasis to a sentence that is usually unstressed can be stressed. 语句重音并不是一成不变的语音现象，根据说话时的不同心态、不同的着重点、不同的强调内容、不同的语气等可以使原来在句中应重读的词失去重音，而原来不重读的词却又成了重读的词。 ;We?heard?Mary?singing?ˋupstairs.? (plain?statement?of?fact)? We?heard?Mary?singing?upstairs.? (But?we?didnt?see?her.)? We?heard?Mary?singing?upstairs.? (But?we?didnt?hear?