蛋白质的生物合成-翻译Protein Biosynthesis-Translation课件.ppt

* Phosphorylation of eIF4E inactivates it for initiating translation of cellular mRNAs. Viral mRNAs can be translated without this factor. Similarly, cleaving eIF4G isn’t requied for viral mRNA translation. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The thiol-disulfide redox state of the active sites determines the direction of catalysis: oxidation of a substrate requires the conversion of a disulfide -CGHC- site to a dithiol, while reduction of a substrate requires the conversion of a dithiol active site to a disulfide. In each active site, the N-terminal cysteine is surface-exposed and reactive towards the substrate, forming a mixed disulfide with a substrate cysteinyl residue (Hawkins Freedman 1991). Isomerization by PDI occurs via two possible pathways: through direct isomerisation or through cycles of reduction followed by reoxidation (Schwaller et al. 2003). * ? 真核 ?????????????? 原核 核蛋白体???????? ??80S ?????????????? ?70S 含蛋白数量 ??? ???多于80 ????????????少于60 小亚基结构 无嘧啶区和互补区 ?含嘧啶区与互补 tRNA ???????????? ?tRNAimet ???????????tRNAfmet 启动 ?????? ????eIF 9-10种 需ATP ?????? ?? ?小亚基先与tRNA结合，在与mRNA结合延长 ???????? ????EF1、EF2 ????????????EFTu、EFTs 终止 ??????????? ?RF 需 GTP ??????RF1、RF2、RF3 真核与原核蛋白质合成的异同 蛋白质的定向移动和降解 Targeting Degradation 分泌到内质网(ER) 糖基化 定向到线粒体和叶绿体 定向到细胞核 从外界摄入蛋白质 蛋白质的降解 Signal recognition particle The destiny of proteins with signal peptide 进入ER的蛋白质先转移到高尔基体， 然后发生Sorting后决定去向。 有的蛋白质没有信号肽也能高效分泌，如蛋清白蛋白。 Bacteria also have secretory proteins Glycosylation happens in ER 衣霉素 磷酸长醇 乙酰葡萄糖胺 甘露糖 衣霉素结构 Mitochondrial import stimulating factor TOM: transport across the outer membrane TIM: transport across the inner membrane 类囊体 Transport of nascent proteins towards mitochondria and chloroplasts 蛋白质输入细胞核的机制。NLS：Nuclear localization signal, 由数个碱性氨基酸组成。 识别需输入的蛋白质的受体富集在细胞表面的小凹坑处，在小凹坑膜的细胞质一侧有一类蛋白质Clathrin, 能形成多面体结构。随着膜外侧受体与目的蛋白质的结合，Clathrin也跟着生长，直到内吞噬(Endocytosis