安全系统工程2.6.pptVIP

六、安全图表分析法 6. Control Charts 六、安全图表分析法 6. Control Charts 控制图法的核心问题，是合理地确定控制界限。控制图是以正态分布为理论依据的。正态分布如图2.13所示，其均值为μ，标准差为σ。 0 μ-2σ μ μ+2σ (a)) 0 μ-2σ μ μ+2σ (b) 六、安全图表分析法 6. Control Charts 根据概率论中的分析，若随机变量x服从正态分布，则在一次试验里，x几乎总是落入(μ-3σ，μ+3σ)区间。超出此范围的概率为：P｛|x-μ|≥3σ｝= 0.27%。 即，x超出(μ-3σ，μ+3σ)的概率仅为0.27％，约为3%。因此，若控制界限选为μ±3σ时，对超出控制界限的点子判断出错的概率仅为3%。这是控制图的基本出发点，称为控制图的千分之三原则。根据这一原则，一般将控制界限定为平均值加减三倍的标准差。 六、安全图表分析法 6. Control Charts The following formula is employed to fix the control limit in the statistics of minimal accidents which cause one or less one day leaving. ——average accidents frequency； n——number of production workers during statistic period； ——average worker number of accidents 六、安全图表分析法 6. Control Charts If the stat. Number only including accidents which knock off more than one day, the center line CL is still:. As to the control limit, J .E. Whirl proposed the following formulas: 六、安全图表分析法 6. Control Charts For instance, statistics of minor injury accidents (which knock off more than one day) of a mine in a year. Try to draw its control charts. Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Summary Times 20 21 21 18 17 12 30 11 20 11 16 11 208 六、安全图表分析法 6. Control Charts The average accidents number is: That is to say CL＝ 17.33 The control limit is: 六、安全图表分析法 6. Control Charts The control chart of accidents is drawn based on the above data. ? 2011, 安全系统工程（双语） Safety System Engineering dengqigen@hpu.edu.cn 0391-3986281 河南理工大学? 2011, Henan Polytechnic University 安全科学与工程学院 邓奇根 六、安全图表分析法 安全图表分析是以大量的伤亡事故资料为基础，从宏观上探索伤亡事故发生原因及规律的过程。 Safety chart analysis explores causes and rules of casualties on the view of macroscopic based on large amounts of casualties data. A industry or department’s safety state can be known trough the comprehensive analysis of casualties. Meanwhile their rules and trends of occurring and developing can be learnt, so that causes and relevant affecting factors of accidents are explored, which will offer solid foundation fo