武汉大学分子生物学-chapter16-原核生物的转录调控.pptVIP

Gene expression in l lytic growth Three phases: Immediate early: Transcription starts at PR and PL that flank the cI and stops at the r-dependent terminators (t) after the N and cro genes; Delayed early: Transcription begins at the same promoters, but bypasses the terminators by virtue of the N gene product, N, which is an antiterminator; Late: Transcription begins at a new promoter P’R ; it would stop short at the t without the Q gene product, Q, another antiterminator. * N proteins binds to the RNA Q proteins bind to the QBE DNA site. Antitermination by N protein The gene surrounding N are depicted along with the leftward promoter (PL) and operator (OL), the terminator and the nut site. Transcription in the absence of N Transcription in the presence of N * Principles of gene regulation. (1) who regulate? (2) where to target? (3) How to regulate? Regulation of transcription initiation in bacteria: the lac operon, alternative s factors, NtrC, MerR, araBAD operon. The case of l phage--layers of regulation: l repressor and Cro and their binding; control of the lytic and lysogenic growth; lysogenic induction; control of the decision to lytic or lysogenic growth by l CII; Antiterminators. Key points of the chapter * * * 1. NtrC has ATPase activity and works at DNA sites far away from the gene. NtrC and MerR and allosteric activation NtrC controls expression of genes involved in nitrogen metabolism (氮代谢), such as the glnA gene. NtrC has separate activating and DNA-binding domains, and binds DNA only when the nitrogen levels are low. * Low nitrogen levels (低水平氮)??NtrC phosphorylation and conformational change?? NtrC (?) binds DNA sites at ~-150 bp position as a dimer (?)??NtrC interacts ?54 in RNAP bound to the glnA promoter ?? NtrC ATPase activity provides energy needed to induce a conformation change in RNAP?? transcription STARTs Fig 16-15 activation by NtrC * 2. MerR activates transcription by twisting promoter DNA NtrC and MerR and allosteric activation MerR con