翻译概述课件.PPTXVIP

翻译概述 Brief Introduction to the English-Chinese Translation;; 翻译概述 Brief Introduction to the English-Chinese Translation;Translation is the replacememnt of textual material in one language(SL) by equivalent textual material in another language(TL). (Catford, 1965) 翻译是把一种语言（源语言）中的篇章材料用 另一种语言（目的语）中的篇章材料来加以代替。 （卡特福德，1965） ;5;“ Translation is a science. Translation is an art. Translation is a craft. Translation is a skill. Translation is an operation. Translation is a language activity. Translation is communicating. ” ; 在人类历史上，不同文化之间很早以前就开始了相互交流。 ● 张骞出使西域; ● 玄奘西游印度; ● 鉴真和尚东渡日本; ● 郑和下西洋; ……; 中国翻译（五四运动之前）的三次高潮： ● 从东汉至唐宋——佛经翻译； ● 明末清初——科技翻译； ● 鸦片战争至五四前后——西学翻译。; Translation has to do three difficult things: to be faithful, expressive and elegant. It is difficult enough to be faithful to the orignial, and yet if a translation is not expressive, it is tantamount to having no translation. Hence expressiveness is should be required too...... (Yanfu) The Book of Changes says that the first requisite of rhetoric is truthfulness. Confucius says that expressiveness is all that matters in language. He adds that if ones language lacks grace, it wont go far. These three qualities, then, are the criteria of good writing and of good translation, too. Hence besides faithfulness and expressiveness, a translator should also aim at elegance. ; A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. (Tytler, 1970) His three principles are: 1) The translation should give a complete transcri