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C H A P T E R 2 . 3 . 4 .
I N F E C T I O U S H A E M A T O P O I E T I C N E C R O S I S
1. Scope1
Infectious haematopoietic necrosis (IHN) is a viral disease affecting most species of salmonid fish reared in fresh water
or sea water. Caused by the rhabdovirus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), the principal clinical and
economic consequences of IHN occur on farms rearing rainbow trout where acute outbreaks can result in very high
mortality. However, both Pacific and Atlantic salmon can be severely affected. For the purpose of this chapter, IHN is
considered to be infection with IHNV.
2. Disease information
For detailed reviews of the disease, see Bootland Leong, 1999or Wolf, 1988.
2.1. Agent factors
2.1.1. Aetiological agent, agent strains
The fish rhabdovirus, IHNV, has a bullet-shaped virion containing a non-segmented, negative-sense,
single-stranded RNA genome of approximately 11,000 nucleotides that encodes six proteins in the following
order: a nucleoprotein (N), a phosphoprotein (P), a matrix protein (M), a glycoprotein (G), a non-virion protein
(NV), and a polymerase (L). The presence of the unique NV gene and sequence similarity with certain other
fish rhabdoviruses, such as viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, has resulted in the creation of the
Novirhabdovirus genus of the family Rhabdoviridae, with IHNV as the type species. The type strain of IHNV
is the Western Regional Aquaculture Center (WRAC) strain available from the American Type Culture
Collection (ATCC VR-1392). The GenBank accession number of the genomic sequence of the WRAC strain
is L40883 (Morzunov et al., 1995; Wi
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