高中语法之常用时态语态详解.docVIP

. . 第四章 时态和语态 一．动词的时态 英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。 时态 主动语态 被动语态 具体形式 通式 具体形式 通式 肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式 肯定式 否定式 一般现在时 do/does; am/is/are do/does not do; am/is/are not do; be do not do; be not am/is/are done am/is/are not done be done be not done 一般过去时 did; was/were did not do; was/were not was/were done was/were not done 一般将来时 will do; will be will not do; will not be will be done will not be done 注：be没有被动形式 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are not doing be doing be not doing am/is/are being done be being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was/were not doing was/were being done 将来进行时 will be doing 注：be通常不用于进行时 现在完成时 have/has done have/has not done have done have not done have/has been done have/has not been done have been done have not been done 过去完成时 had done had not done had been done had not been done 将来完成时 will have done will have been done 过去将来时 would do; would be would not do; would not be would be done would not be done 现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 一. 一般现在时. 1.构成. be动词：am is are ; 其他动词用动词原形，当主语是第三人称单数时要在谓语动词后加“s”，其变化规则与名词变复数一致。 2.用法. 1). 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。如usually, always, often, seldom, never, every..., eg. I leave home for school at 7 every morning. I don’t leave home for school at 7 every morning. Do I leave home for school at 7 every morning? He usually gets up early. He doesn’t usually get up early. Does he usually get up early? 2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。 eg. The earth moves around the sun. The earth doesn’t move around the sun 否定句 Does the earth move around the sun? 疑问句 Shanghai lies in the east of China. Shanghai doesn’t lie in the east of China 否定句 Does Shanghai lie in the east of China? 疑问句 Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees. 3) 表示格言或警句中 eg. Pride goes before a fall. 注意. 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 eg. Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。既用于某些不用于进行时态的静态动词表示现在的行为和状态。 eg. She is shy. We love our country. Tom writes good English. 5) 某些动词如 come, go, move, stop, leave, arri