高考英语二轮复习总结第三板块语法填空与短文改错NO.2再研考点第一层级第一讲名词和冠词讲义.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 第一层级|抓牢“词法”——保基本分 第一讲名词和冠词 在高考中，语法填空和短文改错重点考查名词的单复数、不可数名词、名词与其他词类的词性转化等。在语法填空和短文改错中，解答有关名词的题目时，一要根据在句中所作的成分确定是否使用名词。名词在句中常用作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。二要根据名词前的数词、量词、冠词等修饰语的情况以及主谓一致原则来确定名词单复数。 (一)考点练悟(用所给词的适当形式填空) It was late at night. Two 1.________ (German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three thousand 2.______ (dollar) in her pocket. “What should I do? Many 3.______ (thief) usually bring 4.________ (knife) with them，” she thought in 5.________ (silent). After two 6.________ (minute) search, the thief happened to touch a sports suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two 7.________ (Frenchman) were sleeping. When he was looking for 8.________ (money) or some 9.________ (jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the police. And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up. Before the thief ran away, the police caught him. For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual 10.________ (experience)． 答案：1.Germans　2.dollars　3.thieves　4.knives　5.silence　6.minutes　7.Frenchmen　8.money　9.jewels/jewelry　10.experience (二)快捷技法 思考趋向 解题规则 1.填名词的单复数 若提示词是名词，分析句子成分后发现词性不需要改变，此时应考虑填名词的单复数。 1.不定冠词a, an后用名词单数形式。(如题10) 2.有数词或these, those, several, many, all, both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。(如题1,2,3,7,9) 3.名词前有one of 时用名词复数形式。 4.如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。 5.不可数名词没有复数形式。(如题8) 2.填名词的所有格 提示词为名词时，如果作定语表示“……的”，则一般考查名词的所有格。(如题6) 1.单数名词和不以s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加s。 2.以s或es结尾的名词复数，形式为s或es。 3.复合名词中，一般在最后一个词的词尾加s，如her brother-in-laws character。 3.派生为名词 作句子的主语、宾语(包括介词的宾语)时，一般设空处填名词。(如题5) (三)重点强化 1．可数名词复数的规则变化： (1)一般情况下在词尾直接加-s (2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加-es (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变为i，再加-es (4)以元音字母加y结尾的名词，在词尾直接加-s (5)以o结尾的名词，无生命的常在词尾加-s，如pianos, photos；有生命的在词尾加-es，如potatoes, heroes等 (6)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v，再加-es。如knife→knives，leaf→