髌骨病变的影像学表现.ppt

Normal radiographs of the knee with anteroposterior (a),lateral (b),and axial (c) biew demonstrate normal patellar position and morphology. The anteroposterior projection (a) is useful for evaluting the femur and proximal tibia, femoral and tibial plateaus. The lateral projection is useful for evaluating patellar height,patellofemoral compartment, suprapatellar recess (SR), quadriceps tendon (QT), patellar tendon (PT). The axial view of the patella helps in assessment of the shape of the patella, note media (MF) and lateral (LF) patellar facets and median ridge (MR). Also note normal and rough anterior patellar cortex (blue arrow).; Fig. 1: Normal knee radiographs 图1：正常膝关节;Sagittal proton density (a) and axial fat-suppressed T2-weighted (b) MR images of a normal knee. Note the low signal patellar (PT) and quadriceps (QT) tendons and the thick, homogeneous-appearing patellar cartillage (red arrows). Note the lateral and media retinacula, passive stabilizers of the patella.; Fig. 2: Normal MR images 图2：正常膝关节MR图像;In 1941, Wiberg classified patellar shape into three different morphologies: Type I (a) demonstrates roughly symmetric and equal-sized, concave medial (MF) and lateral (LF) patellar facets. Type II (b) shows a medial facet that is slightly smaller than the lateral facet and a concave lateral facet. Type III (c) also shows a smaller and more vertically oriented medial patellar facet, which is associated with maltracking disorders [18].; Fig. 3: Variations in patellar morphology 图3：髌骨形态变异;5-year-old male with hereditary osteo-onychodysplasia (nail-patella syndrome). AP (a), later (b), and axial (c) views of the knee demonstrate complete absence of the bilateral patellar ossification centers.; Fig. 4: Patellar aplasia 图4：髌骨发育不良 5岁男孩遗传性指(趾)甲-髌骨综合征（nail-patella syndrome）;Anteroposterior and axial radiographs (a) show bilateral, well-corticated ossified fragments in the superolateral aspect of the patellas (arrows). Coronal and axial T2-weighted fat-suppressed