临床医学论文-脑外科ICU 患者肺部感染分析与护理.docVIP

临床医学论文-脑外科ICU 患者肺部感染分析与护理 【摘要】? 目的 探讨脑外科ICU 患者肺部感染相关因素及护理对策。方法 采用回顾性调查方法对脑外科ICU 168例患者肺部感染相关因素进行单因素分析。结果 肺部感染发生率51.2%。年龄≥60岁、昏迷≥3天、气管切开、频繁吸痰和雾化吸入、机械通气、吸烟史、营养状态、空间面积使用不足为肺部感染的主要原因。结论 强化ICU工作人员培训教育；正确认识肺部感染，护士发挥多重角色作用；加强ICU病房管理和感染监测，严格落实消毒隔离制度；严格无菌技术操作和操作程序；加强呼吸道管理措施，减少不必要的吸痰、雾化吸入，合理吸痰；合理使用床位空间面积预防交叉感染，教育和指导患者的健康行为。重视ICU患者肺部感染的易患因素，避免和控制肺部感染的危险因素，加强病房管理、改善ICU工作环境是降低肺部感染行之有效的措施。 【关键词】? 肺部感染；相关因素；护理对策 ??? Pulmonary infection in neurosurgery department ICU and clinical nursing strategy ??? XU Yan-hua, YU Mei-ding.Department of cerebral surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Surgeon University, Shanghai 201100，China ??? ［Abstract］? Objective? Objective To explore causative factors of pulmonary infection in neurosurgery department ICU and clinical nursing strategy. Methods? 168 consecutive neurosurgery department ICU patients with pulmonary infection were analyzed retrospectively. Results? The incidence of pulmonary infection was 51.2%. Age, lost of conscious, tracheal incision and tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, sputum aspiration frequently and atomization inhalation, smoking history, nutritional status and insufficient space were the main causes of pulmonary infection in neurosurgery ICU.Conclusion? Strengthening the education of working staffs in neurosurgery ICU, management of ICU and respiratory tract, regime of degermation and isolation and operational procedure of aseptic technique and correcting the recognition about pulmonary infection could degrade the incidence of pulmonary infection. ??? ［Key words］? Pulmonary infection; correlation factor; nursing strategy ??? 重症监护病房（ICU）是现代危重病医学发展较为完善的治疗核心场所，是医院观察、收治危重患者，集中而有效维持生命活动，进行强大生命支持的治疗单位。我院脑外科ICU 是以收治急性脑血管病、颅脑外伤（损伤）、脑外科手术为主的护理单元。肺部感染是医院获得性感染中最为常见的疾病之一，尤其是在ICU 患者中，因病情危重，神志不清，各项侵入性操作多，其发生率明显高于普通病房患者。因此，开展ICU 患者肺部感染相关因素分析，了解肺部感染的危险因素并制定相应护理对策，达到有效预防和控制肺部感染的发生有重要意义。笔者对ICU收治的168例患者可能发生肺部感染的相关因素进行了分析，发现了肺部感染的危险因素并提出了预防的护理对策，结果如下。1? 对象与方法 ??? 1.1? 研究对象? 2007年3～7月脑外科ICU患者168例，男102例，