湿硫化氢对金属地腐蚀.doc

第二章 湿硫化氢环境下球罐用钢损伤行为 实用文案 PAGE 32 文案大全 湿硫化氢环境下压力容器用钢损伤行为 近些年来，由于原油中硫含量以及化工设备材料强度的级别提高，使得很多设备在湿硫化氢环境下服役并发生应力腐蚀开裂 (Stress Corrosion Cracking, SCC)或氢脆失效(Hydrogen Embrittlement, HE)，引起设备的破裂、泄漏甚至爆炸，造成巨大的经济损失与人员伤亡。1982年，德国北部一输送脱水的酸性气体（25％H2S－9％CO2）的高压管道[[] Gunter Schmitt, Lidger Sobbe, Wolfgang Bruckhoff. Corrosion and hydrogen-induced cracking of pipeline steel in moist triethylene glycol diluted with liquid hydrogen sulfide. Corros.Sci.1987, 27(10/11): 1071-1076]由于应力诱导的氢致开裂（Stress Oriented Hydrogen Induced Cracking, SOHIC）导致破裂，经济损失惨重； 1984年，芝加哥Lemont炼油厂 [] Gunter Schmitt, Lidger Sobbe, Wolfgang Bruckhoff. Corrosion and hydrogen-induced cracking of pipeline steel in moist triethylene glycol diluted with liquid hydrogen sulfide. Corros.Sci.1987, 27(10/11): 1071-1076 [] H. I. McHenry, D. T. Read, T. R. Shives. Failure analysis of an amine-absorber pressure vessel. Mater.Performance.1987, 26(8): 18-24 [] J. E. Cantwell. LPG storage vessel cracking experience. Mater.Performance. 1988, 27 (10):79-82 现在很多国家采用的原油都来自于中东，而且含硫量较高，虽然脱硫工艺可能降低材料的应力腐蚀破坏的几率，但是要完全避免还是不可能，而且介质中可能含有的CO2、氰化物也会加速材料的腐蚀开裂[[4] Gutzeit Joerg. Process changes for reducing pressure vessel cracking caused by aqueous sulfide corrosion, 1992 Plenary lecture. [4] Gutzeit Joerg. Process changes for reducing pressure vessel cracking caused by aqueous sulfide corrosion, 1992 Plenary lecture. Mater.Performance.1992, 31(5): 60-63 [5] Michel Bonis, Jean-Louis Crolet. Practical aspects of the influence of in situ ph on h2s-induced cracking. Corros.Sci.1986, 27(10/11): 1059-1070 [6] J. L. Crolet, M. R. Bonis. PH measurements in aqueous CO2 solutions under high pressure and temperature.Corrosion.1983, 39(2): 39-46 普遍认为，湿硫化氢环境下，金属的失效行为都与金属表面化学反应析氢有关[[7] C.J. Jr. McMahon. Hydrogen-induced intergranular fracture of steels. [7] C.J. Jr. McMahon. Hydrogen-induced intergranular fracture of steels. Eng.Fract Mech. 2001, 68(6): 773-788 [8] J. N. Al-Hajji, M. R. Reda. Corrosion behavior of low-residual carbon