及物与不及物动词.ppt

Unit 1 Transitive verbs and intransitive verbs (及物动词和不及物动词) 英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成 不及物动词与和及物动词。 (一)及物动词(vt.) ： 及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。 1. “主＋谓＋宾”结构。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。如： We like English. I love you / all my friends. I think that it is right. He asked when we would start. △He pretended to like us. △ 常见的接不定式的动词有： decide, determine, hesitate, hope, manage, plan, prepare, promise, refuse, want, arrange, offer, choose… eg: They enjoy playing basketball. △常见的接动名词的动词有： enjoy, escape, finish, mind, imagine, practise, avoid, delay, suggest, risk, keep, resist, admit, appreciate, deny,… △常见的既接不定式又接动名词的动词有： remember, forget, regret, try, mean, stop, consider, can’t help, continue, go on, begin, like, …. 2. “主＋谓＋双宾”结构。如: I hand me the book over there. Please pass me the book. △常见的接双宾的动词有： bring, give, hand, pass, show, tell, buy, teach… 3. “主＋谓＋宾＋宾补”结构。作宾补的词有：形容词、副词、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等。如: We must keep it a secret. They elected Li Ping their monitor. I heard something interesting. Please keep the cat out. eg: Miss White told me not to write on the wall. He advised me to stay at home. △常见的带to不定式作宾补的动词有： ask, tell, want, order, allow, advise, expect, persuade, invite, like, get, force等。 eg: I noticed a man pass by the office . △常见的不带to不定式作宾补的动词有： 感官动词(see, look at, observe, watch, notice, hear, listen to ,feel等) 使役动词(make, let, have等)。 (“五看” “三使” “两听” “一感觉”) 注意：若感官动词和使役动词用于被动语态时，其后的动词要带to. I made him wash the car for free.(变被动句) He was made to wash the car for free. △：不定式作宾补强调动作的全过程；现在分词作宾补强调动作正在进行。过去分词作宾补表示被动和动作已完成。 eg : I saw him clean the classroom. (我看见他扫教室了。) I saw him cleaning the classroom. (我看见他正在扫教室。) He found the room cleaned. (我发现教室被打扫了。) △常接现在分词和过去分词作宾补的动词有： have, let, make, get, keep, catch, find, see, watch, notice, hear等。 (二)不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。