宾语从句讲义设计.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 宾语从句讲义 【知识梳理】中考常考从句 一、什么是宾语从句？ 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。如： I think (that) you are right. He was surprised at what she said to him. I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 二、宾语从句三要素 1．连词 连词 用法 备注 that 引导陈述句 不做任何成份，无意义(一般可省略) if/whether 引导一般疑问句 不做任何成份，表“是否” wh/h-类特殊疑问词 引导特殊疑问句 做成份，表“特殊疑问词本身的意思” ★以下情况只能用 whether ①前有介词狼 I’m not interested in whether she w ill come. ②后有 to do 虎 I haven’t decided whether to go to Shanghai. ③为避歧义 (T)Let me know whether you love me. 告诉我是否你爱我。 (F)Let me know if you love me. 此句中的 if 既可翻译成“是否”，也可翻译成“如果”。 ④discuss 后 We are discussing whether we will have a sports meeting next week. ⑤直接加是否（or not） I want to know whether or not you will help me. 通常情况下使用 whether…or not 如：I want to know whether you will help me or not. 2．语序 宾语从句的连词后要用陈述句语序。即：主句+谓语。如： I don’t know where are they from. (x) I don’t know where they are from. (√) ★ What’s the matter？和 What’s wrong? 以及Which is the way to……？ 语序不变。如： The teacher asked the students what was the matter. ★ I don’t know what was wrong with her bike. 时态 主句 从句 例句 一般现在时 任何时态 She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. 一般过去时 过去的相应时态 She said that she was a student. ★ 时态照应，口诀如下： 主现从不限 主过从必过 ★ 真理规律永一现 The teacher said (that) the earth moves around the sun. 三、宾语从句和简单句的转换 当宾语从句是以连接代词或连接副词如 when, where, who, why, which, what, whose 等引导时，如果主语一致，可以转化成“连接代词或副词+动词不定式”形式，从而由一个主从复合句变为一个以动词不定式做宾语的简单句。如： She doesn’t know what she should do next. = She doesn’t know what to do next. 四、各种类型的宾语从句 1. 动词的宾语从句 ①大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。如： We all expect that they will win. ②部分“动词+副词”结构可以带宾语从句。如： I’ve found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out. Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip? ③动词短语也可以带宾语从句。如： make sure 确保 make up one’s mind 下决心 keep in mind 牢记 Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you tur n them in. 2. 介词的宾语从句 ①用 wh/