论公言论的宪法保护.doc

论公言论的宪法保护 摘要 论公言论的宪法保护 摘 要 公言论是指针对政府及其官员且涉及统治事务的政治性言论或者仅涉及公共利 益的非政治性言论。本文主要讨论前者。公言论的自由是一种言论自由，与公民的 批评权息息相关，是公民行使批评权的重要表现。但公言论作为批评权载体时却很 容易与政府及其官员的名誉产生冲突，从而导致其倍受压制。本文分析总结公言论 受压制的原因，根据公言论保护的理论基础与宪法规定，对有关公言论的立法、执 法、司法等问题的完善提出建议，以期探索出一条公言论的宪法保护之进路。 关键词：公言论； 言论自由； 批评权； 诽谤罪； 宪法保护 作 者：李嘉程 指导老师：上官丕亮 I On Constitutional Protection of public speech Abstract Public speech is a kind of political speech for the government its officials and referring to public affairs or a kind of non-political speech that involves only public interests. This paper mainly study the former one. Freedom of public speech as a sort of freedom of speech, which is closely relating to citizens right to criticize and the important performance of citizens’ exercise the right to criticize. But it is easy to conflict with the reputation of the government and its officials, leading to its highly suppressed. This paper is based on analyzing the reasons of suppression according to theoretical foundation and constitutional prescriptions of protecting public speech, to put forward suggestions for perfecting legislative and judicial, exploring a way to protect public speech. Keywords：Public speech; freedom of speech; the right to criticize; libel; constitutional protection Written by Li Jiacheng Supervised by Shangguan Piliang II HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK HYPERLINK \l br0.........................................41 致谢...................................................................42 论公言论的宪法保护 引 言 引 言 厉王虐，国人谤王，召公告曰：“民不堪命矣！”王怒，得卫巫，使监谤者。 以告，则杀之。国人莫敢言，道路以目。 以上文字摘自《国语·邵公谏厉王弥谤》，讲的是历史上有名的“厉王止谤” 的故事，反映的是中国传统“仁政”思想下对历代统治者的告诫，而言臣通常也会 以死进谏，并用“防民之口，甚于防川，川壅而溃，伤人必多”的智慧来规劝帝王 广开言路，虚怀纳谏。以现代的视角来分析，故事传递给我们两个信息： 一是折射出中国千百年来的一个传统，即官员名誉和国家利益要高于民众的言 论自由，不仅民众没有言论自由，也没有几个官员会真正尊重民众的言论。 二是按照现在的说法，周人在行使自己的权利，即言论自由的权利和批评的权 利。“谤”的是周王，虽然是