教学课件《细胞生物学》chapterii.ppt

Gated transport: Vesicular transport 作 业 膜泡表面标志与膜泡运输 A General Model for Kinesin-and Dynein-mediated Transport in a Typical Cell * * Protein Sorting Chapter 6 II Overview of sorting of nuclear-encoded proteins in eukaryotic cells Proteins are imported into organelles by three mechanisms: Gated Transport: Transport through nuclear pores Transmembrane transport: ER, Mit, Chl, Per Vesicular transport: ER-Golgi-PM-Lys, Endosome Road map of protein sorting Protein sorting: Protein molecules move from the cytosol to their target organelles or cell surface directed by the sorting signals in the proteins. Signal peptides and Signal patches Figure?6-8?Two ways that a sorting signal can be built into a protein.?(A) The signal resides in a single discrete stretch of amino acid sequence, called a signal peptide, that is exposed in the folded protein. Signal peptides often occur at the end of the polypeptide chain, but they can also be located elsewhere. (B) A signal patch can be formed by the juxtaposition of amino acids from regions that are physically separated before the protein folds; alternatively, separate patches on the surface of the folded protein that are spaced a fixed distance apart could form the signal. Through gated pores—Nuclear pores; Nuclear localization signal (NLS); Folded and assembly form to transport. Transmembrane transport ER signal sequence, Mit, Chl, Per: Leader sequence; Through translocation on the membrane; Single and Unfold form; Helped by molecular chaperons Budding, transporting, docking and at last fusion with target membrane; Assembly coated proteins on the vesicles (Clathrin, COPII and COPI); Only Properly folded and assembled proteins; The orientation of transported proteins and lipids is not changed during transporting. B. Signal Hypothesis A model for the Signal Mechanism of Cotranslational Import --G.Blobel D.Sabatini,1971. Evidence That Protein Synthesized on Ribosomes Attached to ER Membranes Pass Directly in