翻译赏析与分析.ppt

形合与意合 The boy, who was crying as if his heart would break, said, when I spoke to him, that he was very hungray because he had had no food for two days. 男孩哭得心都快碎了，当我问及他时，他说饿极了，有两天没吃东西了。 从上例可看出，英语十分注重句子的形式和结构的完整，上面英语句子主干为The boy said，但节外生枝，叠床架屋，竟有5个从句，用了who, as if, when, that, because等多个连接成分，形成一个空间构架，犹如“枝叶繁茂的参天大树”，呈树状。而相应的汉语节节展开,言简意赅，语意连贯，结构紧凑，呈竹状。 The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented. 月球离地球非常遥远，即使那边山上长着大树，有大象在跑来跑去，我们用已经发明的最高倍率的望远镜也不能看到它们。 Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom and the father of the University of Virginia. 1826年杰斐逊逝世。按他生前遗愿，在他墓地的石碑上刻着：独立宣言和弗吉尼亚州信教自由法令的作者，弗吉尼亚大学创建人之墓。 正反与虚实 A seaman knows that the sea is all-powerful and can, under certain circumstances, destroy man and the product of his brain and hand, the ship. 水手们都知道，大海的威力是势不可挡的；在某些情况下，它能把人及人所制造的船只统统摧毁掉。(正说反译) “Mine! Mine!” They would shout at the pretty rainbows that are down to the earth, seeming never very far away. 他们会冲着那从天际弯弯地挂向地面的，看来好像伸手可及的美丽彩虹大声呼喊：“天哪!天哪!” (反说正译) No one is satisfied with his favoritism in his work. [译文1] 没有人对他在工作中的偏爱感到满意。 [译文2] 对他在工作中表现出来的徇私作风谁都感到不满意。 显然，译文2更符合汉语的表达习惯。 He was not displeased with her honesty…it took a certain amount of experience in life, an courage, to want to do it quite that way. [译文1] 他倒是喜欢她这么直来直去……有点生活经验、又有点胆量的人才敢这么做。 [译文2] 他对于她的直率没有感到不快……有点生活经验、又有点胆量的人才敢这么做。 译文2种保持了原文的形式，也比译文1更贴切。 Wisdom prepares for the worst; but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes. 聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢者临渴掘井。 [分析] 抽象名词wisdom, folly对于习惯于抽象思维的英美读者来说，词义明确，措辞简练；但对于习惯于具象思维的中国读者来说将这些抽象名词所表达的抽象概念具体化，才符合汉语读者的思维习惯和汉语遣词造句的行文习惯。 Memory, as time goes on, is a se