动物生理学原理耳鸣及听觉过敏神经生物学机制.pptVIP

 研究背景 Hearing impairment is a considerable disease burden. It has been estimated that adult-onset hearing impairment is the third leading cause of disability (WHO, 2008). Forty-two previous reports published between 1973 and 2010 in 29 countries have revealed increased hearing loss with age; Developing countries report higher rates of moderate and moderately- severe hearing impairment due to higher rates of pre- and postnatal childhood infections such as rubella(风疹）, measles（麻 疹） and meningit（脑膜炎）, and from the use of ototoxic drugs （耳毒性药物） ( Stevens et al., 2013). However, in industrialized countries, noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) （噪声性听力损失） is a common cause of hearing impairments ( Lu et al., 2005), with a prevalence that is second to presbycusis （老年性耳 聋） ( Stanbury et al., 2008). Hyperacusi and tinnitus are potentially devastating conditions that are still incurable. Epidemiology（流行病学） of tinnitus Tinnitus is a disorder of perception of phantom sound that is also known as ringing in the ear or head. Tinnitus affects 10–20% of the general population (Galazyuk et al., 2012; Shargorodsky et al., 2010); According to the American Tinnitus Association, an estimated 50 million people in the United States have chronic tinnitus, persisting for longer than six months (Shargorodsky et al., 2010). For 12 million individuals, it is severe enough to interfere with daily activities. Tinnitus can occur in children (Shetye and Kennedy, 2010) and prevalence increases with age (Adams et al., 1999; Ahmad and Seidman, 2004), peaking between 60 and 69 years of age (Shargorodsky et al., 2010). More common in men than in women, more likely in former s