英语词汇学辅导资料2 - chapter 3.pptVIP

Sum. 3. Morphemes can also be classified into roots and affixes. A root carries the main component of meaning in a word. Roots can be free or bound morphemes. Free roots can stand alone as words and provide the language with a basis for the formation of new words. Bound roots cannot appear as words in modern English, although they were once words. Sum. 4. Affixes are bound morphemes, because they are used only when added to other morphemes. Affixes are classified into inflectional and derivational affixes. The former are related to grammar only. Derivational affixes are subdivided into prefixes and suffixes, which are related to the formation of new words. Roots, prefixes and suffixes are the building blocks with which words are formed. Sum. 5. On morphemic level, words can be classified into simple, complex and compound words, according to the number and type of morphemes they are composed of. Sum. 6. The concept of morpheme is important in explaining word-formation processes. In English the most central and productive word-formation processes are compounding and affixation. Compounding refers to the word-formation process of combining two free morphemes, and affixation refers to the word-formation process of adding affixes to roots Sum. Derivational morphemes are used to create new lexical items (lexemes). Inflectional morphemes only contribute to the inflectional paradigm of the lexemes, which lists all the word-forms of the lexeme. morpheme Free (自由) free root (自由词根) Bound (粘着) bound root (粘着词根) inflectional affixes (语法性后缀) derivational affixes (词汇性后缀) affixes prefix suffix suffix The End * * A Quiz (T/F) 1. The realization of a morpheme is called morph, which is equivalent to allomorph. ( F ) 2. All the allomorphs are in complementary distribution. ( T ) 3. The morphemes can be classified into inflectional and derivational ones by morphology. ( F) 4. All the affixes are bound, while a