系统解剖-英文版-神经系统-脊髓.Spinal-cord.pptVIP

Nervous System神经系统 ★Organizations 中枢神经系统Central nervous system (CNS) 脑Brain 脊髓Spinal cord 周围神经系统Peripheral nervous system (PNS) 脑神经Cranial n. (12 pairs) 脊神经Spinal n. (31 pairs) 内脏神经Visceral nerves Major Divisions of the Central Nervous System Brain 脑 Telencephalon 端脑 Diencephalon 间脑 Cerebellum 小脑 Midbrain 中脑 Pons 脑桥 Medulla oblongata 延髓 Spinal cord 脊髓 Major Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System  脑神经Cranial nerves (12 pairs) 脊神经Spinal nerves (31 pairs) 内脏神经Visceral nerves Visceral sensory nerve Visceral motor nerve Sympathetic part 交感神经 Parasympathetic part 副交感神经 Cellular Organization Neuron 神经元 Cell body 胞体 Axon 轴突 Dendrites 树突 Neuroglia神经胶质 －glial cell胶质细胞 Classification of Neuron Structural classification 双极神经元 Bipolar neuron has an axon and a dendrite 假单极神经元 Pseudounipolar neuron has a central branch and a peripheral branch 多极神经元Multipolar neuron has an axon and two or more dendrites Classification of Neurons Functional classification 感觉神经元 Sensory (afferent) neuron 运动神经元 Motor (efferent) neuron 联络神经元 Association neuron  ★Reflex and Reflex Arc Reflex反射: a reaction of the organism by the nervous system in response to a stimulus Reflex arc反射弧: has 5 basic components Receptor ↓ Sensory neurons ↓ CNS ↓ Motor neurons ↓ Effector 深反射（腱反射）-膝跳反射 ★ Basic Terminology in Nervous System In the CNS Gray matter 灰质: collection of nerve cell bodies and their dendrites, gray color during fresh condition Cortex 皮质: the outermost layer of gray matter in cerebrum and cerebellum Nucleus神经核: a collection ( group ) of cell bodies which have the same shape and function ★ Basic Terminology in Nervous System In the CNS White matter 白质: collection of nerve fibers, white color during fresh condi