动词的主动形式表示被动之意.docVIP

动词的主动形式表示被动之意 一、系动词无被动语态：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有：① be动词 ② ……起来（7个）：look/seem/appear, feel(感觉，摸起来), sound, smell, taste? ???e.g. She seems/appears happy.? ?? ? It smells terrible.????③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go? ???e.g. His wish has come true.? ?? ???People often went hungry in the old days.? ?? ???The tree is growing tall.??④ 保持：keep, stay? ???e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.二、下列动词（词组）没有被动式：1、happen, take place, break out, belong to ,cost, take2、不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。　○1、An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。　? ? An accident happened yesterday.　○2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。　○3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。　○4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。○5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。○6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。??○7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。○8、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。??○9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。??○10、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久） 三、Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。 The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。 The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。 These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。 Your hair wants/needs cutting (needs to be cut).你的头发该剪了。 四、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。 I have much work to do. 我有许多要做的事情。（与work有动宾关系，与I有主谓关系） Tom is looking for a room to live in. Tom在找一间住的房间。（与room有动宾关系，与Tom 有主谓关系） He has a family to support.他要维持一个家庭。（与family有动宾关系，与he有主谓关系） 五、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动词+形容词 + 不定式； 动词+宾语+形容词+不定式。如果形容词是表示难易、利弊等含义，如 difficult, easy, comfortable(舒适的), convenient（便利的，方便的）, hard， cheap, expensive, 等，不定式用主动表被动。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 The work is easy to do. 这项工作很好做。 I found the car comfortable to ride in. 我觉得这种车很好坐。 That makes poetry difficult to write. 那就使得诗很难写。 被动语态专项练习Ⅰ