【中考第二轮复习】第10章非谓语动词(2).docVIP

第十章 非谓语动词（二）动名词动名词既具有名词的特性，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语，又保留了动词的功能，可以有自己的宾语和状语而构成动名词短语。动名词的构成形式为“动词+ing”。当动名词在句子中做主语时，其谓语动词必须用单数形式。例如：Seeing is believing.(作主语，表语)眼见为实。Do you mind my smoking here?你介意我在这里抽烟吗?(作宾语)Staying with him made her very happy.和他呆在一起使她感到非常快乐。(动名词带自己的状语with him)The children enjoyed playing games together.孩子们喜欢一起做游戏玩。(动名词带自己的宾语the games)1动名词的否定形式和时态、语态的变化动名词的否定形式为“not doing”。动名词的时态分为一般式doing和完成式having done。它们的被动语态分别为：一般式being done，完成式having been done。例如：She made her parents very happy by getting the first award on the performances.(肯定)得了表演一等奖，这使她的父母很高兴。He admitted not telling us the truth at last.他最后承认没有跟我们说实话。(否定)Keep the medicine away from being touched by the children.把药放在儿童够不到的地方。(被动式)This huge bridge succeeded in having been built up last month.这座巨大的桥梁终于在上个月建成了。(被动式)2动名词的用法(1)作主语：用于表示泛指的而不是一次性的动作。动名词作主语经常采用 it 作形式主语的句型。Playing football is their favorite sport.→It is their favorite sport playing football.踢足球是他们最喜爱的运动。Living here is very safe.→It is very safe living here.居住在这里是很安全的。(2)作宾语：He is considering changing a job.他正在考虑换一件工作。She cant avoid meeting him.她免不了要碰见他。He tried to deny taking away my dictionary.他竭力否认拿走了我的词典。(3)作表语：Living is also learning.生活也是学习。His favorite sport is running.他最喜欢的运动是跑步。(4)作定语：We all attended the opening ceremony.我们都参加了开幕式。Susan won the first prize in the singing competition.苏姗获得了歌唱大赛的一等奖。We should learn from all the advanced teaching methods.我们应该学习所有的先进的教学方法。必背：记住以下常用的动词和短语1、下列动词，它们只能接动名词作宾语而不能接不定式。admit 承认appreciate 感激avoid 避免cant help禁不住consider 思考，考虑deny 否认delay 推迟detest 厌恶enjoy 喜欢excuse 抱歉escape 逃跑finish 完成forgive 原谅fancy 想象imagine 想象involve 包括keep 坚持pardon 原谅，饶恕practise 练习resist 阻止，抵抗suggest 建议understand 理解save 省略be worth doing 值得做。He admitted taking my dictionary.他承认拿走了我的词典。Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?你是竭力不惹她生气吗?Stop talking and listen to me.请不要说话了，听我讲。2.动名词经常作这些短语之后的介词的宾语。be good at 擅长be engaged in 从事be satisfied with