虚拟语气(顺口溜)讲解学习.pptVIP

高三英语语法 （十二） 虚拟语气;一.虚拟语气的类型 1、实际意义上的虚拟语气。 They talked as if they had been friends for years. 2、虚拟语气形式。 The order was that we (should) stay where we were.;2、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用;①此表中需要注意几点： 1．be动词在表示与现在事实相反的从句中一般用were。在非正式情况下，第一、第三人称后偶尔也用was。如： If he were/was you, he would go at once. 2．主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would, could以及might可以用于各种人称。 3．在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should，而不能用would, could和might等。如： If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. （should rain也可以用rained, were to rain代替）;4、主句和if条件句时态不一致（单独虚拟）。如： If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now. If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work. ;②含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来替代条件句。 1．用介词短语替代条件句。常用介词有with, without, but for等。如： We couldn’t have succeeded without your help(=If we hadn’t got your help). What would you do with a million dollars? But for the rain（=If it hadn’t been for the rain）, we would have finished the work. ;2. 假设的情况又是可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如： 1）He would have given you more help, but he has been ill. 2）I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadn’t been ill,…) ★but, otherwise连接的两个并列的分句存在单独虚拟现象，即：一个分句为虚拟句，另一个分句为真实句。;3）It would be a mistake not to help him.( It would be a mistake if we didn’t help him.) Anyone in her position would have done the same. ★有些句子相当于一个条件从句，谓语也可用虚拟语气。 4）Suppose we told her the truth. 5）Imagine your child played truant.;③省略if的情况 如果从句中含有系动词、情态动词或助动词（were, had, should或could ）时，可省略if，把从句中的were, had或should或could提到其主语前形成倒装结构。如： Had we made(=If we had made) adequate preparations, we might have succeeded. Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty. Should there be a flood, what should we do?;3、实际意义上虚拟语气在其它从句中的应用 （从句时态都提前） ①wish后that引导的宾语从句中。如： I wish I were as clever as you. I wish he would try again. （表示与将来事实相反） ②as if（though）引导的表语从句或方式状语从句中。如：He looks as if/though he were an artist. ;③would rather后的宾语从句中。 （would rather后不能加that。） 从句谓语用一般过去时来表示与现在或将来要做的相反的事情，用