山东自考英语二unit3thehistoryofbooks.pptVIP

* Text B The History of Books independent adj. 独立自主的，不受约束的(14/4, 08/7) independence n. 独立自主，不受约束 dependent adj. 依赖的，不独立的 dependence n. 依赖，不独立 e.g. One hundred years ago China was not totally (dependent). independent 2. elaborate adj. elaboration n. 详细阐述，精心制作，精致 3. ornamental adj. ornament vt. 装饰 n. 装饰，装饰物 4. simplify vt. simple adj. 简单的，单一的 simply adv. 简单地，单一地 5. well-adapted adj. adapt vt. 使适应，使适合 engraving n. 雕刻术，雕版图 handpress 手动操作印刷机 Para. 1. The first known inventor of printing in Europe was Johannes Gutenberg of Germany. The first book printed in his workshop was a Latin Bible. A few copies of this first book still exist. 欧洲第一个著名的印刷术发明家，是德国的约翰内斯.古腾堡。他在车间里印的第一本书，是拉丁文圣经。第一本书的一些复本现在还保存着。 inventor invent invention Text Analysis They are now over five hundred years old. The Gutenberg Bible was printed on a hand press with type made of lead. Most of the copies were printed on paper, but a few were printed on vellum. The books are about 12 inches wide and 16.5 inches long. 已有500多年的历史了。古腾堡圣经是用手控印刷机在铅字版上印成的。这些书大多数印在纸上，但有几本印在羊皮上, 这种书宽约12英寸，长约16．5英寸。 Text Analysis Para. 2. Men who had been trained in Gutenberg’s workshop soon established themselves as independent printers. By 1 500, about fifty years after the first Bible was printed, more than 30, 000 books had been printed. 在古腾堡印刷所受过训练的人们，很快就独立开业。到了1500年，大约在第一本圣经印成后50年，已经印成书30 000册以上。 Text Analysis 1. 过去完成时 ① 表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”，侧重事情的结果 ② 表示发生在过去的动作对过去的某一点造成某种影响或结果，用来指定在另一个过去行动之前就已经完成了的一个事件，侧重事情结果。 now past 现在完成时 过去完成时 Text Analysis 过去完成时的基本结构 had + 动词过去分词 had not +动词过去分词（否定式） had + been + 动词过去分词（过去完成时的被动语态） e.g. I had eaten my breakfast before I came here. The door had been locked when I realized what I had done. Text Analysis The