第一章昆虫的体壁化学1.pptVIP

几丁质的降解 Chitinases (E.C. 3.2.1.14) are enzymes that hydrolyze the linear polymer of chitin consisting of β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamines Insect chitinases belong to family 18 glycosylhydrolases that hydrolyze chitin by an endo-type of cleavage while retaining the anomeric b-(1-4) configuration of products There are multiple genes encoding chitinases and chitinase-like proteins in all insect species studied using bioinformatics searches. These chitinases differ in size, domain organization, physical, chemical and enzymatic properties, and in patterns of their expression during development. Domain architecture of putative chitinases and chitinase-like proteins of T. castaneum. The program SMART was used to analyze the identified domains. TcCHT7 and TcCHT11 have a single transmembrane span at the N-terminal region. Blue boxes, signal peptide; pink boxes, catalytic domain; green boxes, chitin-binding domain; red boxes, transmembrane span; lines, linker regions Homology modeling of catalytic domains for Tribolium chitinase TcCHT5 and chitinase-like protein TcIDGF2. The arrows show the catalytic glutamate residue in conserved region II. The glutamate residues in the conserved region II (E145 and E154) in the two proteins are indicated as are the beginnings (A22 and S24) and ends (N384 and L439) of the catalytic domains 表皮的鞣化和骨化作用 影响硬度、色泽、通透性等，形成真正意义上的外骨骼 发生在脱皮之后，少数在脱皮前 两个过程有联系，又有区别 多巴胺的形成 TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; DOPA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine; DDC, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine Decarboxylase 鞣化作用（tanning) 定义：指表皮中的蛋白质通过与醌交联，使表皮硬化、暗化的过程 进程：血细胞中多巴胺进入皮细胞，成为N-已酰多巴胺，通过孔道到上表皮处氧化成醌，进入原表皮与蛋白质交联，同时醌被还原成酚，同另一个游离醌分子发生非酶反应又被氧化成醌，再同第二个蛋白分子交联或形成多聚体 Proposed cuticle pigmentation and sclerotization metabolic pathway in T. castaneum. TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; DOPA, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine; Ebony, N--alanyldopamine synthase; NBADH, N--alanyldopamine hydrolase; DCE, dopachrome conversion enzyme; Lac2, laccas