药师林育成专题知识宣教讲义.pptVIP

1 dose = 0.5 ml Clinical programs of combination vaccine 1.Safety 2.Efficacy equivalent 3.Consistency of the immune response 4.Compatibility with other vaccines given at the same time. Compatibility Component : live attenuated vaccines preservatives : avoid the known interaction of IPV with thiomersal, DTaP antigens were preserved in 2-phenoxyethanol. adjuvent : e.g, the ratio of aluminum hydroxide and aluminum phosphate, pH , buffer Toxicology Immunological interaction Reduce immune response : Antigenic overload : at what point antigenic overload will be crucial in formulating is not known. Antibody subclass response : total IgG response COMBINATION VACCINES Effect of Combinations Based on Acellular Pertussis Vaccines on the Immunogenicity of Individual Antigens The effect of combination on future vaccines development Vaccine schedule Three primary immunuzation in first year of life, followed by a booster in the second year. 6 in 1 DTaP-IPV-HB-Hib : the problem is the HB vaccine only needs two primary dose, use such a combination will imply the administration of an extra dose of HB. HA, meningococcal conjugate, and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines : are three likely additions to future pediatric vaccine schedures. These vaccines should be given associated by separate injection. The effect of combination on future vaccines development FUTURE COMBINATION Mechanical mixing Genes from one organism to be inserted into the genome of another. Advantage : vectors are often capable of accepting multiple pieces of genetic information, each of which can be transcribed and expressed. DNA or genetic immunization By mixing plasmids containing different genes, or using plasmids that contain more than one gene, it may be possible to immunize against several antigens with a single injection. 結論及建議 由於疫苗種類不段推陳出新,不同疫苗不同接種部位及時程,不僅常讓父母疲於奔命,也讓寶寶們挨了許多針. 目前雖有部分疫苗可同時接種但仍需在不同的部位,故今後疫苗研發的趨勢是朝向“混合更多不同疾病的抗原而調劑在一次注射”,但須注意它的有效性及安全性,疫苗引起的抗體反應與保護效果必須至少跟分開接種一樣有效,而且不會增加副作用發生