传热学7-ForcedConvection-2010.pptVIP

Chapter 7 Forced Convection Chapter 7 Forced Convection Contents 7-1 External Forced Convection 7-1-1 Parallel Flow over Flat Plates 7-1-2 Flow across Cylinders and Spheres 7-1-3 Flow across Tube Banks 7-2 Internal Forced Convection 7-2-1 Mean Velocity and Mean Temperature 7-2-2 The Entrance Region 7-2-3 General Thermal Analysis 7-2-4 Laminar Flow in Tubes 7-2-5 Turbulent Flow in Tubes Summary Chapter 7 Forced Convection Fundamental difference between external internal flows In external flow, the fluid has a free surface, and thus the boundary layer over the surface is free to grow indefinitely. Chapter 7 Forced Convection Fundamental difference between external internal flows In internal flow, the fluid is completely confined by the inner surface of the tube, and thus there is a limit on how much the boundary layer can grow. 7-2-2 The Entrance Region Entry Lengths Re=20 ? D; Re=2300 ?115D Re=104 ? 11D; Re=105 ? 43D 7-2-2 The Entrance Region The variation of local Nusselt number along a tube in turbulent flow for both uniform surface temperature and uniform surface heat flux is given in the right Fig. for the range of Reynolds numbers encountered in heat transfer equipment. 7-2-2 The Entrance Region Important observations: The Nusselt numbers and thus the convection heat transfer coefficients are much higher in the entrance region. The Nusselt number reaches a constant value at a distance of less than 10 diameters, and thus the flow can be assumed to be fully developed for x10D. The Nusselt numbers for the uniform surface temperature and uniform surface heat flux conditions are identical in the fully developed regions, and nearly identical in the entrance regions. Therefore, Nusselt number is insensitive to the type of thermal boundary condition, and the turbulent flow correlations can be used for either type of boundary condition. The thermal conditions at the surface of a tube can usually be approximated