声导抗基础知识.ppt

Getting sound into a different medium声音在不同媒介中的传导 Most of the sound energy is reflected when confronting a another medium... 大部分声能在临界面处被反射回来 …because different media are more or less easy to bring into motion (impedance) 因为不同媒介的声阻抗是不同的 The role of the middle ear 中耳的作用 The Ossicles 听小骨 Malleus 锤骨 Incus 砧骨 Stapes 镫骨 Three small bones forming a chain between the tympanic membrane and the inner ear 听骨链位于鼓膜和内耳之间，由3块听小骨组成 Airborne sound wave energy becomes mechanical vibration 空气传导的声波能量转换为机械振动 Compensates for the air - fluid impedance difference 补偿气液相不同媒介的导抗差 The Middle ear anatomy 中耳解剖 Air Air Air pressure must be near equal on both sides of the ear drum in order to optimise mobility of the whole system 应使鼓膜两侧气压接近，从而保证中耳传声系统的最佳活动性 The Eustachian tube (ET) ventilates the middle ear and allows pressure equalisation 咽鼓管是中耳的通气管道，可保证中耳气压平衡 The ET opens when swallowing or yawning 吞咽和打哈欠时咽鼓管开放 Inner ear fluids 内淋巴 Getting sound into a different medium声音在不同媒介中的传导 The “stiletto” principle:圆锥效应 Force is collected over a larger area and focused on a smaller area (B) 作用力在锥底收集后聚焦到锥尖 How do we test the middle ear?如何检测中耳功能 中耳测试 精密的中耳系统 高精度的测试 高质量控制系统 Part of the probe tone is reflected, and some is admitted into the middle ear 一部分探测音被反射回来，另一部分则进入中耳 The admittance is continuously measured by a microphone 声导纳通过麦克风持续测量计算出来 Admittance - letting the sound wave in声导纳－将声波导入 鼓室图 中耳 – 劲度 TPP ( = MEP? ) Admittance Pressure Tympanometry 鼓室声导抗 Admittance -200 daPa 200 daPa 0 Ear canal pressure Admittance 声导纳 -200 daPa 200 daPa 0 Ear canal pressure 外耳道压强 1 3: Pressure stiffens the tympanic membrane so the probe tone bounces back, and the sound level in the middle ear decreases 1和3：大压强使鼓膜僵硬从而探测音多被反弹回来，进入中耳的声能减少 2: When pressure is equal on both sides, the sound level in the middle ear is at maximum 2：鼓膜两侧压力相等时传入中耳的声能最大 1 2 3 The Tympanogram curve, ECV and TPP鼓室导抗图形，等效外耳道容积和峰压点 The TPP approximates the middle ear pressure 峰压点近似于鼓膜内侧的中耳压力 ECV Total Admittance of the ear canal an