最新我国和全球肿瘤发病率和死亡率解析讲义.ppt

As of 2008, a total of 177 countries (91%) had introduced the HBV vaccine into their national infant immunization schedules (Fig. 10),although in 2006 only 27% of infants worldwide received the first dose within 24 hours of birth, as recommended by the WHO. No vaccine is available for HCV. * * An estimated 386,300 new cases and 150,200 deaths from bladder cancer occurred in 2008 worldwide. The majority of bladder cancer occurs in males and there is a 14-fold variation in incidence internationally. The highest incidence rates are found in the countries of Europe, North America, and Northern Africa. Egyptian males have the highest mortality rates, which is twice as high as the highest rates in Europe and over 4 times higher than that in the United States. The lowest rates are found in the countries of Melanesia and Middle Africa. Smoking is the major risk factors in Western countries, whereas chronic infection with Schistosoma hematobium in developing countries, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, accounts for about 50% of the total burden. Selected Cancers Lip and Oral Cavity [10] An estimated 263,900 new cases and 128,000 deaths from oral cavity cancer (including lip cancer) occurred in 2008 worldwide. Generally, the highest oral cavity cancer rates are found in Melanesia, South-Central Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe and the lowest in Africa, Central America, and Eastern Asia for both males and females. 1 2 3 4 Major risk factors Smoking Alcohol use Smokeless tobacco/ Betel quid HPV infections smoking accounts for 42% of deaths heavy alcohol consumption for 16% of the deaths Having synergistic effects Conclusion 1 The global burden of cancer The global burden of cancer continues to increase largely because of the aging and growth of the world population and an increasing adoption of cancer-causing behaviors, particularly smoking, within economically developing countries. Conclusion 2 Disproportionate cancer burden Female breast, lung, and colore