公共政策学复习题纲.docx

PAGE1 / NUMPAGES17 第一章 名词解释： 1、公共政策:娄成武、魏淑艳：公共政策是党和国家在处理公共领域内的公共事务时所制定的行为规范、准则或指南 John Dewey: a public is a group of people who, in facing a similar problem, recognize it and organize themselves to address it. 简答： 1、公共政策的特征（Certain attributes that define public policy） （1）公共政策由特定的主体制定及执行； （2）公共政策具有特定的价值取向，要实现特定目标或目的； （3）公共政策表现为由一系列行为所构成的行动过程； （4）公共政策是一种行为准则或行为规范。 2、什么是传闻证据和经验证据？各自的优缺点是什么？ 传闻证据与经验证据 necdotal evidence: Evidence offered in policy debates that is based on stories and personal experience. 优缺点：Anecdotes are good for staking out a position on an issue, or for motivating people to believe a certain way. They are less useful as part of serious analysis, because they do not delve deeply into how programs work. Empirical evidence: Evidence is based on observation and the collection of data, usually gathered to test a hypothesis about a scientific problem or phenomenon. 优缺点：Scientific evidence is much stronger than anecdotes in understanding how and why things work the way they do. However, the results of scientific study are often controversial and unpopular, and sometimes run counter to popular expectations 3、公共政策的研究领域包括哪些？（the fields of Public Policy Studies） Policy evaluation: it seeks to systematically assess “the consequences of what governments do and say”. It uses a wide range of methods to identify and isolate a causal relationship between a policy or a program and an outcome of interest ?(2) Policy analysis: the most fundamental question is “what should we do”. The object is to determine the best policy for public authorities to adopt to address a given problem or issue of concern. The challenge for policy analysis is coming up with some comparative yardstick to serve as a decision rule for “best”. (3) Policy process research: it is focused on the how and why of policymaking, i.e. why governments pay attention to some problems and not others, why policy changes or remains stable across time, and where policy comes from. 公共政策研究的核心问题包括哪些？（ central rese