第1课 天文学史教学课件.pptx

青年天文教师连线 —— 第1讲：天文学史天文最古老的科学最前沿的科学古代天文授时定星（+异常星象报告）历书《玛雅长历法》（2012年12月21日，长计历是周期最长的的历法之一，跨度为5126年。长计历开始于公元前3114年，并将于2012年的冬至12月21日终结。）星盘日晷、漏壶黄道十二宫（星座起源古巴比伦）三垣二十八星宿和分野（北京，幽州，尾宿《晋书·天文志》）异常天象：甲骨文“新大星并火” 西方天文学史-从地心说到日心说地心说： “本轮-均轮”模型，流行了1000年之久。Aristotle384BCE – 322BCEClaudius Ptolemyca.85-ca.165日心说：早期匀速圆周运动模型Nicolaus Copernicus1473-1543Galileo Galilei1564-1642 《天体运行论》1543年早期日心说与地心说的比较The replica of the astronomical clock of Jacopo Dondi (1290–1359)【天文钟】An astrarium/planetarium by Giovanni Dondi (1330–1388) 【天象仪】Johannes Kepler1571—1630 Tycho Brahe 1546-97 开普勒的宇宙模型....Like you, I accepted the Copernican position several years ago and discovered from thence the causes of many natural effects which are doubtless inexplicable by the current theories.? I have written up many of my reasons and refutations on the subject, but I have not dared until now to bring them into the open, being warned by the fortunes of Copernicus himself, our master, who procured immortal fame among a few but stepped down among the great crowd (for the foolish are numerous), only to be derided and dishonored.? I would dare publish my thoughts if there were many like you; but, since there are not, I shall forebear.... Galileo to Kepler, 1597...I could only have wished that you, who have so profound an insight, would choose another way.? You advise us, by your personal example, and in discreetly veiled fashion, to retreat before the general ignorance and not to expose ourselves or heedlessly to oppose the violent attacks of the mob of scholars (and in this you follow Plato and Pythagoras, our true precursors).? But after a tremendous task has been begun in our time, first by Copernicus and then by many very learned mathematicians, and when the assertion that the Earth moves can no longer be considered something new, would it not be much better to pull the wagon to its goal by our joint efforts, now that we have got it under way, and gradually, with powerful voices, to shout down the common herd, which